Apheresis Column Chemokine Receptor Binding Cancer Treatment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cancer treatments face challenges in effectively targeting and reducing circulating tumour cells, preventing metastasis, and eliminating regulatory T lymphocytes, which are immune suppressive and hinder the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells.
Innovation Solution
Development of binding reagents, such as chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, immobilized on apheresis columns, that specifically bind to chemokine receptors like CCR7 and regulatory T cell receptors, allowing for the depletion of these cells from peripheral blood, thereby reducing tumour metastasis and enhancing immune activation against cancer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional cancer treatments are used, then cancer cells are targeted, but regulatory T cells suppress immune response and reduce treatment effectiveness
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes regulatory T cells from the patient's blood using an apheresis column containing immobilized chemokines (CCL19, CCL21) that specifically bind to CCR7 receptors on these cells. This separation isolates the harmful immune-suppressive cells from the rest of the immune system, allowing them to be depleted while preserving other immune functions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses chemokines (CCL19, CCL21) as intermediary molecules that are immobilized on the apheresis column. These chemokines act as mediators to specifically capture and remove regulatory T cells expressing CCR7 receptors from the patient's blood, enabling selective depletion without directly targeting the patient's cells.
2Reliability
If apheresis columns with chemokines are used, then regulatory T cells are depleted, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a universal approach by using chemokines (CCL19, CCL21) that are already known to bind to CCR7 receptors expressed on multiple types of target cells including regulatory T cells, B cells, and tumor cells. This multi-functional binding capability allows a single column design to address multiple therapeutic needs without requiring separate specialized columns for each cell type.
3Reliability
If specific binding reagents are used to target CCR7, then circulating tumour cells are reduced, but the manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes chemokines (CCL19, CCL21) that can be produced as disposable, single-use reagents for the apheresis column. These binding reagents are immobilized on the column in a standardized manner, allowing the column to be used once and then discarded, eliminating the need for complex sterilization and reconditioning processes while ensuring consistent binding performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method effectively reduces circulating tumour cells, inhibits metastasis, and enhances immune recognition of cancer cells by depleting regulatory T lymphocytes, potentially improving treatment outcomes for various cancers, including leukaemias and solid tumours.
Implementation Method 1
The activity of chemokines is mediated primarily through tight binding to their receptors on the surface of leukocytes
Implementation Method 2
The patient is connected to an extracorporeal blood circulating system; the blood is drawn from a vein in one arm, passed through a column device and returned into the other arm of the patient
Data Source
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AI summary
A method for treating cancer comprising applying peripheral blood from a patient or subject to an apheresis column loaded with a solid support comprising one or more binding reagents capable of specifically binding to a chemokine receptor, optionally the chemokine receptor CCR7, CCR5, CCR6, CCR8, CXCR4, CXCR7, CCR4, CCR9, CCR10, CXCR3 or CXCR5 or to a Treg receptor immobilized directly or indirectly on the support thus removing one or more chemokine receptor, optionally CCR7, CCR5, CCR6, CCR8, CXCR4, CXCR7, CCR4, CCR9, CCR10, CXCR3 or CXCR5 or Treg receptor expressing cells from the peripheral blood of the patient or subject. Various companion diagnostic methods and useful binding reagents are also described.