Battery Box Pressure-Relief Layout for Thermal Runaway Emissions
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current battery technologies face safety challenges due to the risk of thermal runaway, which can lead to explosions and fires, as emissions from a runaway battery cell can directly damage the battery box and pose a threat to the external environment, with existing discharging methods failing to effectively manage the high temperature and pressure.
Innovation Solution
A battery box design featuring an electrical chamber, a thermal management component that isolates the electrical chamber from a collection chamber, and a pressure relief region on the thermal management component, where emissions are directed through the pressure relief region and discharged externally, thereby preventing electrical short-circuiting and reducing the temperature and impact of emissions on the environment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If emissions are discharged directly from the battery cell, then the pressure relief mechanism functions quickly, but the emissions cause electrical short-circuits and thermal damage to the battery box
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a collection chamber as an intermediary component between the battery cell and the external environment. When the pressure relief mechanism activates, emissions are directed into the collection chamber first, which isolates them from the electrical chamber containing battery cells and electrical connection components. This prevents direct contact between hot emissions and electrical components, eliminating the risk of short-circuits and thermal damage while still allowing pressure relief.
2Reliability
If the thermal management component isolates the electrical chamber from the collection chamber, then electrical safety is improved, but the emissions require a longer discharge path
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the vertical dimension by positioning the collection chamber beneath the battery cells and using gravity-assisted flow paths. The thermal management component extends vertically to connect the electrical chamber and collection chamber, creating a downward discharge path that leverages gravitational force. This dimensional arrangement allows emissions to flow naturally downward through the thermal management component without requiring excessively long horizontal paths, thus maintaining electrical isolation while managing discharge path length efficiently.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If emissions are contained in a collection chamber, then electrical short-circuit risk is reduced, but the temperature of emissions remains high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the thermal management function from the electrical chamber by placing it in the thermal management component that forms the boundary between the electrical chamber and collection chamber. This component contains fluid channels that actively cool the emissions as they pass through, separating the thermal management function from the electrical containment function and allowing independent optimization of both systems.
4Temperature
If a pressure relief region is disposed on the thermal management component, then emissions can be discharged through a cooled path, but the structural complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The thermal management component serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a structural support element, provides thermal isolation between the electrical chamber and collection chamber, contains fluid channels for active cooling, and serves as the discharge path for emissions. By integrating these multiple functions into a single component, the patent reduces overall structural complexity compared to having separate components for each function.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design enhances battery safety by preventing electrical short-circuits and reducing the temperature and environmental impact of emissions, effectively managing thermal runaway scenarios and preventing damage to the battery and its surroundings.
Implementation Method 1
a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is configured to be actuated when an internal pressure or a temperature of the battery cell provided with the pressure relief mechanism reaches a threshold value, to relieve the internal pressure
Implementation Method 2
a thermal management component, configured to accommodate a fluid to adjust the temperature of the plurality of battery cells
Implementation Method 3
the emissions pass through the pressure relief region and then are discharged to the outside of the collection chamber, which can extend the discharging path of the emissions, effectively reduce the temperature of the emissions
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of the present application are provided with a box of a battery, a battery, a power consumption device, and a method and device for producing a battery. The box of the battery includes: an electrical chamber; a thermal management component; and a collection chamber, configured to collect emissions from the battery cell provided with the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated; wherein the thermal management component is configured to isolate the electrical chamber from the collection chamber, a pressure relief region is disposed on the thermal management component, and the emissions collected by the collection chamber is discharged through the pressure relief region. According to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the safety of the battery can be enhanced.