Battery Management System Using Predictive Optimization for Fast Charging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery charging methods, such as the constant-current constant-voltage method, are inefficient for rapid charging and can lead to increased charge times and reduced battery life due to high charge rates, which is particularly problematic for large batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles.
Innovation Solution
A battery management system that uses an optimization-based predictive method to determine the fastest charging solution by optimizing a single battery variable, such as minimizing energy loss, while ensuring other constraints like battery life and health are met, utilizing model predictive controls to adapt charging in real-time.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If constant-current constant-voltage method is used to charge battery, then battery can be charged safely, but charge time becomes excessively long
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by transitioning from static constant-current and constant-voltage charging modes to a dynamic charging mode where both current and voltage are continuously adjusted based on real-time battery state predictions. The predictive model dynamically determines optimal charging parameters at each time step, enabling the charging process to adapt to changing battery conditions and achieve both fast charging and safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements parameter changes by modifying the charging current and voltage parameters according to predicted battery state of charge and temperature. Instead of maintaining fixed parameters, the system continuously updates charging parameters based on predictive models, allowing the battery to be charged at optimal rates that prevent overheating while minimizing charge time.
2Loss of time
If high charge rate is used to reduce charge time, then charge time decreases, but battery temperature increases and battery life is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by using predictive models to forecast future battery temperature and state of charge before actually applying the charging current. The system predicts the battery's thermal response to different charging rates and selects charging parameters that prevent temperature from exceeding safe thresholds, rather than reacting after temperature rises.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback by continuously monitoring battery temperature and state of charge, comparing actual values with predicted values, and adjusting charging parameters accordingly. The predictive control system uses real-time feedback to correct deviations and maintain optimal charging conditions, preventing temperature runaway while maximizing charging speed.
3Loss of time
If high charge rate is used to reduce charge time, then charge time decreases, but battery life is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by continuously adjusting charging current based on predicted battery state of charge and health metrics. The charging rate is dynamically modulated to stay within optimal ranges that minimize degradation, using predictive models to anticipate the impact of different charging rates on long-term battery life rather than using fixed high-rate charging.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery management system for a rechargeable battery includes a battery monitor configured to acquire data regarding the rechargeable battery and a processor. The processor is configured to determine an initial state of charge of the battery based on the acquired data; determine a target state of charge for the battery; determine a plurality of charging solutions to achieve the target state of charge based on an optimization of one variable of the battery of a plurality of variables of the battery; narrow the plurality of charging solutions to charging solutions that meet an objective of each of the remaining plurality of variables of the battery; select the charging solution that corresponds with the fastest charge time for the battery from the charging solutions that meet the objective of each of the plurality of battery variables; and command a controller to regulate an amount of charge to the battery in accord with the selected charging solution.