Vehicle Battery Management System Relay Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium batteries used as low-voltage batteries in vehicles are prone to overcharging and over-discharging, leading to degradation due to maloperations in reconnection switches and external power connections, which can damage relay coils and result in inefficient energy management.
Innovation Solution
A battery management system that includes a relay, a reconnection switch, and a controller to monitor and manage the connection state, using a wake-up inputter, relay controller, and voltage sensor to prevent over-discharge and overcharge by controlling the relay's on/off states based on vehicle mileage and voltage levels, and adjusting the wake-up periods to minimize battery current consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a reconnection switch is maintained in an on-state for a predetermined time period or more due to maloperation, then the relay coil is damaged since battery voltage is continuously applied, but the reconnection switch is needed to restore electrical connection after relay disconnection
Solution Approach 1:
The controller is configured to determine connection state and control relay activation before the reconnection switch can cause damage. The controller monitors the switch state and limits relay coil voltage application time, preventing overheating while still enabling reconnection functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses feedback from the reconnection switch state to control relay activation. The controller detects when the switch is activated and automatically controls the relay timing, creating a closed-loop system that prevents maloperation damage while maintaining ease of use.
2Reliability
If the battery relay is maintained in an on-state for a long period of time during in-line operation, then the battery is over-discharged, but the relay needs to remain on to provide power to vehicle systems
Solution Approach 1:
The controller continuously monitors battery voltage and relay state, using feedback to determine when to activate or deactivate the relay. When battery voltage drops below threshold during in-line operation, the controller automatically deactivates the relay to prevent over-discharge while maintaining power supply when voltage is adequate.
Solution Approach 2:
The relay control system is dynamic rather than static, automatically adjusting relay state based on real-time battery conditions. The controller modulates relay activation duration and timing based on battery voltage levels, creating an adaptive power management system.
3Reliability
If external power is connected to a terminal of a vehicle for jump-starting when external power source has voltage of predetermined level or greater, then the battery is overcharged or overvoltage is applied to rapidly degrade the battery, but external power connection is needed to start vehicles with depleted batteries
Solution Approach 1:
The controller monitors external power source voltage through the reconnection switch state and compares it against safe charging thresholds. When external power voltage exceeds the predetermined level, the controller detects this through voltage sensing and automatically prevents relay activation or limits charging current, protecting the battery from overcharge while still allowing safe external power connection for jump-starting.
4Duration of action of stationary object
If a lithium battery is used as a low-voltage battery in a vehicle, then longer lifespan and improved electrical characteristics are achieved, but the battery is prone to overcharging and over-discharging leading to degradation
Solution Approach 1:
The controller continuously monitors battery voltage and state of charge, using feedback to control relay activation and prevent overcharging or over-discharging. The system adjusts power flow based on real-time battery conditions, extending lithium battery lifespan while maintaining stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The controller is configured to predict and prevent overcharge or over-discharge conditions before they occur by monitoring voltage thresholds and controlling relay timing in advance, protecting the lithium battery from degradation while maximizing its operational lifespan.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Effectively prevents lithium battery degradation by ensuring safe charging and discharging conditions, reducing the risk of relay coil damage and energy wastage, and optimizing battery lifespan through intelligent management of the relay's connection states.
Implementation Method 1
a reconnection switch configured to determine a connection state based on user manipulation and generate a signal for turning the relay on and off according to the connection state
Data Source
AI summary
A battery management system of a vehicle is provided to prevent a lithium battery from being overcharged and over-discharged and to safely protect the lithium battery from various conditions degrading the lithium battery when the lithium battery is used as a low-voltage battery in the vehicle. The battery management system includes a relay that electrically connect and disconnects power supplied to a load from a battery and a reconnection switch that determines a connection state based on user manipulation and generates a signal for turning the relay on and off based on the connection state. Additionally, a controller turns the relay on and off based on the connection state of the reconnection switch.