Battery Rack Ventilation Dampers for Fire Compartment Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing energy storage systems face challenges in balancing air circulation and fire safety, as fire compartments with ventilation restrictions require separate air conditioning, increasing costs and reducing battery energy density.
Innovation Solution
An energy storage system with partition walls and ventilation holes that include a blocking member, such as a damper or movable partition wall, controlled by actuators and ropes, to selectively open or close ventilation paths based on environmental data from sensors, ensuring air circulation in normal conditions and fire compartment formation during emergencies.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a firewall is erected to prevent fire propagation between compartments, then fire safety is improved, but separate air conditioning equipment is required for each compartment which increases costs and reduces battery energy density
Solution Approach 1:
The partition wall incorporates a movable blocking member that can dynamically change its state between open and closed positions. This dynamic structure allows the same partition wall to serve dual functions: allowing air circulation during normal operation and blocking fire propagation during emergencies, thereby eliminating the need for separate air conditioning equipment in each compartment while maintaining fire safety
Solution Approach 2:
The partition wall with the blocking member serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a structural divider between compartments, a fire barrier when closed, and an air passage when open. This multi-functional design replaces the need for dedicated firewalls and separate air conditioning systems, reducing overall system complexity and cost
2Reliability
If ventilation holes are closed to prevent fire propagation, then fire safety is improved, but air circulation is restricted during normal operation
Solution Approach 1:
The blocking member is designed to be movable rather than fixed, allowing it to adapt its position based on operational requirements. During normal operation, it remains open to allow air circulation; during fire emergencies, it closes to prevent fire propagation. This dynamic adaptability resolves the contradiction between maintaining air circulation and ensuring fire safety
3Reliability
If separate air conditioning equipment is installed in each fire compartment, then fire compartmentation is improved, but costs increase and battery energy density decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The shared air conditioning system can serve multiple compartments simultaneously through the movable blocking member that allows air flow during normal operation. This universal system replaces the need for dedicated air conditioning units in each compartment, reducing overall equipment quantity and associated costs while maintaining effective fire compartmentation when the blocking member closes
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables efficient air circulation while preventing fire propagation by automatically closing ventilation paths and activating fire extinguishing measures, enhancing safety and maintaining battery energy density.
Implementation Method 1
a rope connected to the container and the rod and configured to apply a rotational force to the damper member in a direction opposite to the first direction
Implementation Method 2
an actuator connected to the damper member and configured to generate a rotational force to adjust the rotation direction of the damper member
Implementation Method 3
a damper member rotatably connected to the partition wall and configured to open or close the ventilation hole according to a rotation direction
Implementation Method 4
the rope may be cut when heated to a set temperature or more
Data Source
AI summary
An energy storage system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure includes: a container; a plurality of accommodation portions in the container and configured to accommodate a battery rack or an air conditioner; a partition wall between each pair of adjacent accommodation portions; a ventilation hole passing through the partition wall and connecting with the adjacent accommodation portions; and a blocking member configured to selectively open or close the ventilation hole.