Battery Venting Separation Sheet for Thermal Propagation Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Battery systems in electric and hybrid vehicles face risks of thermal runaway, leading to abnormal reactions, high temperatures, and potential fires due to uncontrolled venting streams that can cause thermal propagation and short circuits, posing dangers to bystanders and vehicle safety.
Innovation Solution
A battery system with separate venting chambers for each battery cell group, formed by a separation sheet that directs venting streams away from other cells and channels them through dedicated openings, reducing pressure and temperature before merging into a joint venting channel, thereby minimizing the risk of thermal propagation and fire.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a common venting channel is used for all battery cells, then the device complexity is reduced, but thermal propagation risk increases due to uncontrolled hot venting streams affecting neighboring cells
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the venting system into separate venting chambers for each battery cell group, with each chamber having its own venting exit. This segmentation prevents hot venting streams from one cell group from affecting neighboring cells, thereby reducing thermal propagation risk while maintaining manageable structural complexity through modular design
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a separation sheet as an intermediary component between battery cell groups. This separation sheet forms distinct venting chambers and includes openings that guide venting streams away from neighboring cells, acting as a mediator that controls the path of hot gases and prevents thermal propagation
2Manufacturing precision
If venting streams are directly discharged without guidance, then the manufacturing precision requirements are reduced, but the temperature of venting products remains high causing fire hazards
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary cooling action by designing venting chambers with sufficient volume and geometry to allow hot venting streams to cool down before discharge. The separation sheet with strategically positioned openings guides the venting streams through a path that enables heat dissipation, reducing the temperature of venting products before they are discharged to the environment
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extends the venting path into a third dimension by creating vertical venting chambers and using openings at different positions on the separation sheet. This dimensional approach allows venting streams to travel through a longer, more complex path that facilitates cooling while maintaining precise control over the discharge direction
3Object-affected harmful factors
If separate venting chambers are implemented for each battery cell group, then thermal propagation risk is reduced, but the device complexity increases due to additional separation components
Solution Approach 1:
The separation sheet serves multiple functions simultaneously: it forms the walls of separate venting chambers, provides openings for guiding venting streams, acts as a structural support between battery cell groups, and directs the flow of hot gases. This multi-functionality reduces the need for additional separate components, thereby managing device complexity while achieving thermal isolation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines the functions of thermal isolation, structural support, and flow guidance into a single separation sheet component. By merging these functions, the design achieves separate venting chambers for thermal protection without requiring multiple independent components, thus balancing thermal safety with structural simplicity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively reduces the risk of thermal propagation and fire by pre-cooling venting streams within separate chambers, directing them away from battery cells, and ensuring safe exit, thus enhancing safety and preventing damage to the vehicle.
Implementation Method 1
separate venting chambers (36) for each of the battery cell groups (13), formed by a separation sheet (30), which directs venting streams (V) away from the battery cell groups (13)
Implementation Method 2
a separation sheet (30) which directs venting streams (V) away from the battery cell groups (13) through openings (32) in the separation sheet (30)
Data Source
AI summary
A battery system includes: a battery housing; a plurality of battery cells arranged in a plurality of battery cell groups within the battery housing; and a separation sheet. Each battery cell group has a venting side with a venting exit configured to vent a venting stream from the battery cells to exit the battery cell group, and the separation sheet is at venting sides of the battery cell groups. The separation sheet forms separate venting chambers for each of the battery cell groups and is configured to guide the venting stream leaving the venting exits away from the battery cell groups through openings in the separation sheet.