Battery Cell Venting Layout to Block Thermal Runaway Spray
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery technologies face challenges in ensuring safety performance, particularly in preventing thermal runaway due to high-temperature and high-pressure substances being directly sprayed from one battery cell to adjacent cells during pressure relief mechanism activation.
Innovation Solution
A battery cell design featuring a pressure relief mechanism with staggered openings on a protecting plate, allowing selective exposure of pressure relief mechanisms, preventing direct spray of high-temperature and high-pressure substances onto adjacent cells, and using a heat-insulating protecting plate to manage temperature and enhance safety.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If pressure relief mechanisms are provided on all battery cells, then safety performance is improved, but high-temperature and high-pressure substances may be directly sprayed onto adjacent battery cells causing thermal runaway
Solution Approach 1:
The protecting plate is designed with asymmetric opening patterns where openings are provided only at specific positions (first and third positions) along the battery cell array, while the second position remains closed. This asymmetric configuration ensures that when a pressure relief mechanism activates, the discharged substances are directed away from adjacent battery cells, preventing thermal runaway while maintaining safety performance.
Solution Approach 2:
A protecting plate is introduced as an intermediary component between the pressure relief mechanisms and the external environment. This plate selectively blocks or allows the discharge of high-temperature and high-pressure substances based on the opening positions, mediating the interaction between safety requirements and thermal runaway prevention.
2Speed
If all pressure relief mechanisms are exposed via openings, then pressure relief effectiveness is improved, but the risk of thermal runaway increases due to direct spray onto adjacent cells
Solution Approach 1:
The protecting plate implements local quality by providing openings only at specific local positions (first and third positions) rather than uniformly across all positions. This localized opening strategy allows pressure relief to occur effectively at permitted positions while preventing thermal runaway by blocking discharge paths to adjacent cells at other positions.
3Reliability
If a protecting plate is added to prevent thermal runaway, then safety performance is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The protecting plate serves multiple functions simultaneously: it protects battery cells from thermal runaway, controls the direction of pressure relief discharge, and maintains structural integrity of the battery assembly. This multi-functionality reduces the need for additional separate safety components, thereby limiting the increase in device complexity.
Data Source
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AI summary
Embodiments of the present application provide a battery, a power consumption apparatus, and a method and an apparatus for preparing a battery. The battery includes a plurality of battery cells arranged in a first direction, where the battery cell is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, configured to be actuated when internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, to relieve the internal pressure; and a protecting plate, where the protecting plate is attached to a surface of the battery cell provided with the pressure relief mechanism to protect the battery cell, the protecting plate is provided with a plurality of openings, and an opening is provided corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism to expose the pressure relief mechanism via the opening, and two openings corresponding to the pressure relief mechanisms of two adjacent battery cells are provided in a staggered manner in the first direction. The battery, the power consumption apparatus, the method and the apparatus for producing the battery of the present application can enhance safety performance of the battery.