Betavoltaic Cell Electrode Work Functions for Higher Power Output
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing betavoltaic devices suffer from low conversion efficiency, low power output, and reduced lifespan due to radiation damage, limiting their effectiveness in applications requiring long-term power generation.
Innovation Solution
The use of a device comprising first and second spaced electrodes with differing work functions, where a semiconducting material between them produces electron hole pairs in response to beta particle emissions from radionuclides, leveraging the electric field between the electrodes to capture these pairs and generate electrical energy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If conventional betavoltaic devices are used, then electrical energy can be generated from beta radiation, but the conversion efficiency is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the material parameters of the electrodes by selecting specific materials with appropriate work functions. The first electrode uses a material with a work function of 4.0-6.0 eV while the second electrode uses a material with a work function of 2.0-3.5 eV, creating an optimized energy gradient for beta particle conversion that significantly improves conversion efficiency compared to conventional single-material electrodes.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite electrode structures where each electrode is formed from specific material combinations optimized for their respective functions. The first electrode combines materials with high work function properties while the second electrode combines materials with low work function properties, creating a composite system that maximizes the beta-to-electricity conversion efficiency.
2Power
If conventional betavoltaic devices are used, then power generation is achieved, but the power output is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the spacing parameter between electrodes to enhance power output. By maintaining a specific distance range (0.1-10 mm) between the first and second electrodes, the device maximizes the collection of charge carriers while minimizing recombination losses, thereby significantly increasing the power output compared to conventional devices.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different material properties to different locations within the device. The first electrode region is designed with high work function materials optimized for beta particle absorption, while the second electrode region uses low work function materials optimized for electron emission, creating local quality variations that maximize overall power output.
3Duration of action of moving object
If conventional betavoltaic devices are used, then long term power output is provided, but the lifespan is reduced due to radiation damage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful effect of beta radiation into a beneficial power generation process. By designing the device to efficiently capture and convert beta particles into electrical energy through the optimized electrode system, the radiation that would normally cause damage is instead harnessed as the primary energy source, extending the effective lifespan of the device.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a controlled environment between the beta radiation source and the electrodes that acts as an intermediary. The specific spacing and material composition of the electrode structure serve as a mediator that protects the internal components from direct radiation damage while still allowing efficient energy conversion, thereby extending device reliability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the efficiency and longevity of betavoltaic devices by utilizing various beta particle emitting radionuclides, allowing for improved power generation and resistance to radiation-induced damage, suitable for specialized remote power requirements.
Implementation Method 1
beta particle emitting radionuclides
Implementation Method 2
capable of producing electron hole pairs in response to beta particle emission from the radionuclides
Implementation Method 3
producing an electric potential difference between first and second closely spaced electrodes
Implementation Method 4
the first electrode comprising a low work function material and the second electrode comprising a high work function material
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to devices for generating electrical energy, methods for generating electrical energy, products for use in devices for generating electrical energy and methods for producing devices for generating electrical energy. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides an electrical energy generating device, the device comprising at least one cell comprising: first and second spaced electrodes, the first electrode comprising a low work function material and the second electrode comprising a high work function material; and disposed between the first and second electrodes, beta particle emitting radionuclides and a semiconducting material, the semiconducting material capable of producing electron hole pairs in response to beta particle emission from the radionuclides.