Porous cesium reservoirs and getters lower vapor pressure and remove undesired species to improve thermionic conversion efficiency and life.
Wide-bandgap metal-semiconductor junctions convert x-ray and gamma emissions into electricity while resisting radiation damage and power loss.
Stacked isotope electrode sheets with cavity-housed radiation sources and p-n junction layers raise electrical energy density in nuclear batteries.
A metal hydride tritium source boosts heat density for Seebeck power generation, enabling practical milliwatt-scale output with helium venting.
Adding noble gas to the emitter-collector gap lets gamma radiation free extra electrons, boosting current density beyond vacuum-gap NTAC limits.
Differing electrode work functions and a semiconductor capture beta-generated charge carriers to raise betavoltaic power output and lifespan.
A multilayer radionuclide-semiconductor junction converts x-rays and gamma rays into power while limiting radiation damage for long-term operation.
This case uses diamond layers, Schottky and ohmic contacts, and radiation shielding to collect charge efficiently while managing heat.
A dynamic isotope battery uses a piezoelectric transducer to convert thermal energy from liquid metal flow into electric power.
Ion media converts radioactive decay into electricity, resolving environmental impact and power density trade-offs.
Textured InGaP betavoltaic junction increases active surface area for tritium beta particle absorption.
Neutron irradiation converts stable bismuth into radioactive fuel, extending storage time and eliminating high production costs.
A betavoltaic battery converts radioisotope decay into electricity using a cylindrical semiconductor design.
An amorphous semiconductor layer absorbs radiation damage to maintain efficiency in high energy-density radioisotope power sources.
A diamond betavoltaic device integrates beta-emitting radioisotopes directly into the crystal lattice to generate electrical current.
Thin zinc oxide layers withstand high radiation levels to maintain durability and power output in radioisotope cells.
Direct beta radiation conversion eliminates gamma shielding requirements and increases power density compared to thermal generation methods.