Bidirectional Battery Adapter With USB Power Conversion Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Cordless power tools face challenges in efficient power transmission and conversion between battery packs and electric devices, particularly in scenarios where power supply networks are not available, and existing adapters struggle with high power output and miniaturization while maintaining low noise and vibration.
Innovation Solution
A bidirectional DC-DC conversion adapter with a power switching element and energy storage elements, capable of adjusting energy transmission direction and magnitude, integrated with a protocol matching module and USB ports, to efficiently convert power between battery packs and electric devices, while minimizing noise and vibration through vibration damping structures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If the adapter is designed for high power output, then the power transmission capability is improved, but the volume increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs high-frequency switching technology to change the operating parameters of the power conversion circuit, enabling compact magnetic components and capacitors that maintain high power output while reducing overall adapter volume. The switching frequency parameter is increased to allow smaller passive components.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses high-density power semiconductor devices and optimized circuit layouts in critical areas to achieve high power density. By concentrating power conversion functionality in localized high-performance regions, the adapter delivers high power output without proportionally increasing overall volume.
2Power
If the adapter operates at high power, then the power transmission capability is improved, but the noise and vibration increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful effects of high-power operation by implementing active noise cancellation technology and vibration damping structures. These features detect and counteract noise and vibration generated during high-power transmission, transforming the harmful effects into manageable parameters.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces mechanical vibration sources with solid-state power conversion components, eliminating moving parts that generate vibration. The use of electronic switching and digital control systems substitutes mechanical systems, thereby reducing noise and vibration while maintaining high power output.
3Volume of moving object
If the adapter is miniaturized, then the portability is improved, but the power transmission capability decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite magnetic materials and high-performance electrical insulators that provide superior electrical properties in reduced volumes. These composite materials enable compact design while maintaining the power transmission capability through enhanced material properties rather than increased size.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes three-dimensional circuit board routing and stacked component arrangements to maximize power density within a compact volume. By optimizing the spatial distribution of power components across multiple dimensions, the adapter achieves high power output in a miniaturized form factor.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The adapter achieves efficient power transmission and conversion with high power output, compact size, and reduced noise and vibration, enhancing the usability of cordless power tools in outdoor and other scenarios without access to power networks.
Implementation Method 1
a bidirectional DC-DC conversion module capable of converting electrical energy outputted by the battery pack into direct current power supply electrical energy or converting electrical energy from the charging apparatus into direct current charging electrical energy
Implementation Method 2
a power switching element disposed on the power transmission loop between the battery pack port and the device port and capable of adjusting the transmission direction and/or magnitude of electrical energy in the power transmission loop
Implementation Method 3
a first energy storage element disposed on the first transmission path and capable of storing electrical energy during electrical energy transmission and discharging the electrical energy when the electrical energy transmission is interrupted
Implementation Method 4
a second energy storage element connected in parallel between the first transmission path and the second transmission path and capable of discharging the electrical energy to the device port
Implementation Method 5
a third energy storage element connected in parallel between the first transmission path and the second transmission path and capable of discharging the electrical energy to the battery pack port
Data Source
AI summary
An adapter includes: a housing; a battery pack port for accessing a battery pack; a device port including multiple USB-type ports capable of accessing an electric device or a charging apparatus; a protocol matching module configured to perform a protocol handshake with the electric device or the charging apparatus; and a bidirectional DC-DC conversion module capable of converting electrical energy outputted by the battery pack into direct current power supply electrical energy or converting electrical energy from the charging apparatus into direct current charging electrical energy. The bidirectional DC-DC conversion module includes: a power switching element disposed on the power transmission loop between the battery pack port and the device port and capable of adjusting electrical energy in the power transmission loop; and a power control unit electrically connected to the power switching element and capable of controlling the conducting state of the power switching element.