Bit Line Voltage Compensation for Channel-to-Floating Gate Coupling

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Solution Overview

Problem

As memory devices become smaller, capacitive coupling effects during programming become more problematic, leading to increased programming speed and widened threshold voltage distributions in non-volatile memory devices, particularly in NAND flash memory systems.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of sensing circuits and programming techniques that optimize bit line management, including floating or driving bit lines to compensate for channel-to-floating gate capacitive coupling, and using voltage step-ups on unselected bit lines to counteract coupling effects, thereby maintaining intended programming speeds without additional verify operations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Volume of moving object

If memory devices are scaled down to become smaller, then device size is reduced, but capacitive coupling effects increase causing programming speed to increase and threshold voltage distributions to widen

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice sizeVSAvoidthreshold voltage distribution
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary anti-action by detecting capacitive coupling effects before they cause excessive programming speed increases, and applying compensating voltages to counteract the coupling effects. The system monitors threshold voltage changes and applies opposing voltages to bit lines or word lines to prevent the coupling-induced programming acceleration, thereby maintaining precise threshold voltage control despite device scaling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes operational parameters dynamically by adjusting bit line voltages, word line voltages, or programming pulse characteristics based on detected capacitive coupling levels. The system modifies voltage magnitudes, pulse widths, or timing parameters to compensate for coupling effects, allowing precise control of programming speed and threshold voltage distribution even as device dimensions are reduced.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If capacitive coupling effects are not compensated, then programming operation is simpler, but threshold voltage control precision deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprogramming operationVSAvoidthreshold voltage control
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback control by continuously monitoring threshold voltage changes during programming operations and using this information to adjust compensating voltages applied to bit lines or word lines. The system measures actual programming progress and modifies control parameters in real-time to maintain precise threshold voltage control, creating a closed-loop control system that adapts to coupling effects without requiring overly complex open-loop compensation circuits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Manufacturing precision

If verify operations are added to compensate for coupling effects, then threshold voltage control is improved, but programming time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethreshold voltage controlVSAvoidprogramming time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-calculating or pre-establishing compensating voltage levels and timing sequences that account for expected capacitive coupling effects. The system prepares compensation parameters in advance based on device characteristics and programming conditions, allowing direct application of compensating voltages during programming without requiring iterative verify operations. This preliminary preparation enables precise threshold voltage control while maintaining fast programming speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach effectively reduces capacitive coupling effects, ensuring precise control over programming speed and maintaining desired threshold voltage distributions, even in fast and slow programming modes, without increasing overall programming time or complexity.

Implementation Method 1

capacitive coupling effects become more problematic during programming

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitive coupling: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

electrons from the channel of a storage element to be injected into the floating gate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron injection: Electron Beam

Data Source

PatentEP2504837B1Programming memory with sensing-based bit line compensation to reduce channel -to-floating gate coupling
Publication Date: 2015.09.30 SANDISK TECHNOLOGIES LLC
  • EP2504837B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~2
  • EP2504837B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2504837B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

During programming of storage elements, channel-to-floating gate coupling effects are compensated to avoid increased programming speed and threshold voltage distribution widening. In connection with a programming iteration, unselected bit lines voltages are stepped up to induce coupling to selected bit lines, and the amount of coupling which is experienced by the selected bit lines is sensed. When a program pulse is applied, voltages of the selected bit lines are set based on the amount of coupling. The bit line voltage is set higher when more coupling is sensed. The amount of coupling experience by a given selected bit line is a function of its proximity to unselected bit lines. One or more coupling thresholds can be used to indicate that a given selected bit line has one or two adjacent unselected bit lines, respectively.