Blue Laser Welding of Al-Mg-Fe Die Castings for Hydraulic Sealing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Aluminum die-casting presents challenges in welding with other metals due to the formation of coarse-pored welding structures, leading to inadequate hydraulic sealing and porosity in welding connections.

Innovation Solution

A welding process using a blue diode laser to fluid-densely weld die-cast parts from an Al-Mg-Fe alloy with additional metal parts, specifically utilizing an alloy composition of 4% ≤ Mg ≤ 4.6% and 1.31% ≤ Fe ≤ 1.7% without welding materials, and employing a blue diode laser with a wavelength of 450 nm for enhanced energy absorption and quality welding.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional welding methods are used on die-cast aluminum, then welding can be performed, but coarse-pored weld structure and porosity occur making hydraulic tightness impossible

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehydraulic tightnessVSAvoidweld structure quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing the alloy composition parameters (Mg: 4-4.6%, Fe: 1.31-1.7%, Si: max 0.2%) and using a blue diode laser with specific wavelength (450 nm ± 30 nm) to achieve fine-grained weld structures without porosity, resolving the contradiction between weldability and hydraulic tightness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a composite approach by combining specific Al-Mg-Fe alloy composition with blue diode laser technology to create a weld structure that achieves both metallurgical bonding and hydraulic tightness, overcoming the limitations of conventional welding methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Use of energy by moving object

If blue diode laser with wavelength 450 nm is used, then energy absorption increases 2.5 times, but equipment cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy absorption capacityVSAvoidwelding process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the laser wavelength parameter from conventional infrared (1064 nm) to blue spectrum (450 nm ± 30 nm), which increases energy absorption by 2.5 times for Al-Mg-Fe alloys, enabling deeper penetration and better weld quality despite higher equipment costs

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces conventional infrared laser welding with blue diode laser welding, substituting a more advanced optical system that provides superior energy coupling with the alloy, achieving better welding results through optical parameter optimization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Ease of manufacture

If alloy composition is optimized for mold-filling properties, then castability improves, but welding performance may be affected

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemold-filling propertiesVSAvoidweldability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes alloy composition parameters within specific ranges (Mg: 4-4.6%, Fe: 1.31-1.7%, Si: max 0.2%) to simultaneously achieve excellent mold-filling properties during die-casting and superior weldability with blue diode laser, resolving the contradiction between castability and welding performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by controlling the distribution and concentration of alloying elements (Mg, Fe, Si) to achieve optimal properties in different aspects: good fluidity for mold filling and controlled microstructure for welding, allowing the same alloy to excel in both casting and welding processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method achieves high-quality, even welding results, reducing costs and weight, and enables hydraulic tightness in applications such as complex pump housings and engine control devices, while ensuring electromagnetic compatibility and fluid-tight connections.

Implementation Method 1

The short wavelengths of the blue laser (approx. 405 nm to approx. 490 nm) promote a higher absorption of energy by the proposed Al-Mg-Fe alloy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbsorption (EM radiation): Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

a welded connection is produced by a welding method... wherein a blue diode laser and no welding filler material is used for welding

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser welding: Laser Beam Welding

Data Source

PatentEP4196315B1Welding method
Publication Date: 2025.01.29 SCHAEFFLER TECHNOLOGIES AG & CO KG
  • EP4196315B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The invention relates to a welding method, in which a die casting mould part made of an Al-Mg-Fe alloy is welded in a fluid-tight manner to at least one further metal part. For the aluminium alloy, an Mg content of 4% ≤ Mg ≤ 4.6% and an Fe content of 1.31% ≤ Fe ≤ 1.7% are used as well as an admixture content of additional alloy components which comprises a maximum of 0.2% Si. Said Fe content comprises the Al-Mg-Fe eutectic as well as a hypereutectic composition of the two alloy components Fe and Mg. A blue diode laser is used for the welding. No filler metal is used. The invention further relates to a die casting mould part which is welded to at least one further metal part, the welded joint being produced according to a welding method of the type previously described. Furthermore, the invention relates to an actuator housing comprising such a die casting mould part.