Natural Hydroxyapatite Granule Extraction from Bovine Bone
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for preparing natural hydroxyapatite from bovine bone often alter its microstructure and pore structure at high temperatures, impacting bioresorption and bioactivity, and result in higher crude protein content and lower specific surface area, which can hinder bone regeneration and healing.
Innovation Solution
A process involving soaking and boiling raw bovine bone cubes in deionized water, followed by segregation, soaking in sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide solutions, and sintering at a low heating rate and temperature, to produce granules with high specific surface area and low crude protein content.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If high temperature is used to extract hydroxyapatite, then extraction efficiency is improved, but microstructure and pore structure are altered negatively
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by using extremely low heating rates (0.01-10°C/min) and low temperatures (200-600°C) during sintering, fundamentally changing the thermal processing parameters from conventional high-temperature methods. This allows extraction while preserving the natural microstructure and pore structure of hydroxyapatite, achieving both productivity and structural stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs preliminary action through pre-treatment steps including soaking in deionized water, boiling, and chemical treatments with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide before sintering. These preliminary actions remove lipids, blood components, and proteins, preparing the bone structure for subsequent low-temperature sintering that preserves its natural architecture.
2Speed
If high temperature is used for extraction, then processing speed is improved, but specific surface area is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the thermal parameters to extremely low heating rates and low temperatures, which slows down the extraction process but preserves the specific surface area of hydroxyapatite granules. This parameter change allows the process to achieve both acceptable processing speed and high surface area retention.
3Productivity
If high temperature is used for extraction, then extraction efficiency is improved, but crude protein content increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action through extended pre-treatment steps including soaking in deionized water, boiling, and chemical treatments with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide before sintering. These preliminary actions thoroughly remove lipids, blood components, and proteins, reducing crude protein content to less than 400 ppm in the final product.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the thermal parameters to low temperatures (200-600°C) and extremely low heating rates, which prevents protein denaturation and degradation that would occur at high temperatures. This parameter change allows efficient extraction while maintaining low crude protein content in the hydroxyapatite granules.
4Productivity
If high temperature is used for extraction, then processing efficiency is improved, but bioactivity is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent fundamentally changes the thermal processing parameters to low temperatures (200-600°C) and extremely low heating rates (0.01-10°C/min), which preserves the bioactivity and osteoconductivity of hydroxyapatite. This parameter change allows the process to maintain both processing efficiency and biological reliability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The process yields natural hydroxyapatite granules with a specific surface area greater than 110 m2/g, low crude protein content, and high total volumetric porosity, enhancing bioresorption and bone regeneration while maintaining the natural structure and bioactivity of bovine bone.
Implementation Method 1
soaking and boiling raw bone cubes in deionized water. Soaking and boiling removes lipids, blood components, and proteins
Implementation Method 2
soaking the cancellous bone cubes with densified porous structure in a solution of sodium hydroxide
Implementation Method 3
soaking the cancellous bone cubes with densified porous structure in a solution of hydrogen peroxide
Implementation Method 4
sintering the cancellous bone cubes with densified porous structure
Implementation Method 5
sintering the cancellous bone cubes with densified porous structure can be done at 200-600 degrees centigrade for 1-50 hours with a heating rate of 0.01° C./min to 10° C./min
Data Source
AI summary
A process is for extracting natural hydroxyapatite from bone in order to make granules for a bone graft. The process involves soaking and boiling raw bone cubes in deionized water. Soaking and boiling removes lipids, blood components, and proteins and creates bone cubes. Next, washing the bone cubes in deionized water and drying the bone cubes. Then, segregating cancellous bone cubes with densified porous structure from those without densified porous structure. After that, soaking the cancellous bone cubes with densified porous structure in a solution of sodium hydroxide and a solution of hydrogen peroxide. Next, washing the cancellous bone cubes with densified porous structure in deionized water and drying the bone cubes. Then, sintering the cancellous bone cubes with densified porous structure. After that, fracturing the cancellous bone cubes with densified porous structure into the granules for the bone graft.