Hierarchical Branching Filter Layout for Low-Loss Four-Band Separation

The branching filter is segmented into three diplexers (first, second, and third diplexers) that operate at different frequency bands. Each diplexer handles specific frequency ranges, dividing the overall signal separation task into manageable segments. This segmentation reduces the number of elements any single signal path must pass through, thereby reducing insertion loss while maintaining the ability to separate four or more signals across different frequency bands.

The patent introduces a hierarchical dimension to the signal separation architecture. Instead of a flat structure where all signals pass through multiple filters, the invention creates a multi-level diplexer structure where signals are first routed by frequency band (first diplexer), then further separated by subsequent diplexers. This dimensional organization allows signals to take shorter paths through the system, reducing cumulative insertion loss while maintaining comprehensive signal separation capability.

The complex task of separating four or more signals is segmented across three diplexers, each with a specific frequency band responsibility. The first diplexer handles broad frequency separation, the second diplexer processes specific bands, and the third diplexer completes the separation. This segmentation distributes the element count across modular units rather than concentrating all elements in a single complex filter, making the overall system more manageable and maintainable.

The patent organizes signal separation in a hierarchical dimension with three levels of diplexers. Each diplexer operates at a different stage of the separation process, creating a multi-dimensional filtering architecture. This dimensional approach allows the system to achieve high signal separation capability while keeping each individual diplexer relatively simple, as each handles only a portion of the total separation task.