Capacitor-Based EV Charging Station for Rapid Energy Transfer

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electric urban buses face challenges due to expensive and limited-life batteries with low power-to-weight ratios, leading to high costs and restricted size, necessitating lengthy recharging times that conflict with passenger transit schedules and requiring high-power infrastructure.

Innovation Solution

A charging station equipped with a capacitor for rapid energy transfer, utilizing a low-power urban electrical network to store and transfer energy to the vehicle's capacitor during brief stops, allowing for multiple recharging points along the route and reducing the need for large batteries.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If batteries are used for energy storage in electric vehicles, then the vehicle can operate autonomously, but the batteries are expensive, have limited lifetime, and have low power-to-weight ratio

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy storage capacityVSAvoidbattery lifetime
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The energy storage system is segmented into two parts: a compact on-board battery for autonomous operation and an external stationary battery for recharging. This segmentation allows the vehicle to use a smaller, lighter battery while accessing larger energy capacity externally, resolving the contradiction between energy storage capacity and vehicle weight/cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A contactless energy transfer system using electromagnetic induction acts as an intermediary between the stationary battery and the on-board battery. This intermediary enables rapid energy transfer without physical connection, solving the contradiction by providing fast recharging that extends effective battery lifetime and operational reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Loss of time

If high-power charging infrastructure is deployed to enable fast recharging, then recharging time is reduced, but major roadworks are required to bring high-power cables to the charging station

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverecharging timeVSAvoidinfrastructure installation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The mechanical connection system (physical high-power cables requiring roadworks) is replaced with an electromagnetic induction system. The stationary charger uses a transmitter coil to wirelessly transfer energy to a receiver coil on the vehicle, eliminating the need for complex physical infrastructure installation while achieving fast recharging.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The charging system uses variable coupling coefficients and adjustable power levels to optimize energy transfer. By dynamically adjusting charging parameters based on vehicle needs and infrastructure capabilities, the system achieves fast recharging without requiring maximum-power infrastructure, reducing installation complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Use of energy by moving object

If the vehicle stops at the charging station for recharging, then the storage means can be recharged, but the stopping time must not exceed the rise time and descent of passengers (about thirty seconds)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy transfer speedVSAvoidpassenger transit time
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The stationary battery is pre-charged during periods when the vehicle is not at the station, using off-peak power or renewable sources. This preliminary energy storage allows rapid energy transfer to the vehicle during brief passenger transit periods, achieving fast recharging without extending passenger waiting time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system enables continuous operation by maintaining energy availability through the stationary battery. While the vehicle is in service, the stationary battery remains charged and ready, allowing immediate energy transfer during brief stops. This continuity ensures that recharging does not interrupt the vehicle's operational schedule or passenger transit flow.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables faster recharging, increased vehicle capacity for more passengers, extended autonomy, and reduced costs by leveraging urban infrastructure without major roadworks, ensuring safety and efficient energy transfer.

Implementation Method 1

the storage device advantageously comprising a capacitor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP1938438B1Recharging station and related electric vehicle
Publication Date: 2013.01.02 PRINCETON VIDEO IMAGE INC
  • EP1938438B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

The invention concerns a recharging station (10) of an electric vehicle (50) powered by means of stored energy (52), said vehicle (50) being designed to travel along a path passing through a site where the recharging station (10) is located, said station (10) comprising recharging means (12) for recharging the storage means (52) of the electric vehicle (50) when the latter is proximate the station. The invention is characterized in that the recharging means (12) comprise a storage device (14) for storing electric power supplied by an electric power source (16), connecting means (18) for electrically connecting the storage device (14) of the station (10) to the storage means (52) of the vehicle (50) and for transferring the energy stored in the storage device (14) of the station (10) to the storage means (52) of the electric vehicle (50).