Carrier Aggregation LNA With Cascode Shutoff and Tunable Matching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current low noise amplifiers (LNAs) face challenges in efficiently supporting carrier aggregation in wireless devices, particularly in achieving optimal performance across multiple carriers and bands, which affects the overall efficiency and reliability of wireless communication systems.

Innovation Solution

The development of Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) with inductive degeneration and cascode shutoff configurations, along with tunable input matching circuits, enables efficient operation in both carrier aggregation (CA) and non-CA modes, improving noise figure, linearity, and input impedance matching across various frequency bands.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a single LNA design is used for multiple carriers and bands, then device complexity is reduced, but performance optimization for each specific carrier and band becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveLNA design complexityVSAvoidperformance optimization
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The LNA incorporates tunable input matching circuits that can dynamically adjust their impedance characteristics based on the operating frequency and carrier configuration. This dynamic adaptation allows a single LNA design to optimize performance across multiple carriers and bands without requiring separate dedicated designs for each frequency, thereby resolving the contradiction between design simplicity and performance optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If separate LNAs are designed for each carrier and band, then performance for specific carriers is optimized, but device complexity and manufacturing cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperformance for specific carriersVSAvoidmultiple LNA designs
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The LNA is designed with universal functionality to support multiple carriers and frequency bands through integrated tunable matching circuits. This multi-functional design allows a single LNA architecture to perform the roles that would otherwise require multiple separate LNA designs, achieving carrier-specific performance optimization while maintaining design unity and reducing overall device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Reliability

If LNA parameters are fixed for one carrier, then performance on that carrier is maximized, but performance on other carriers deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperformance on specific carrierVSAvoidperformance across multiple carriers
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The input matching circuits are designed with tunable parameters that can be dynamically adjusted based on the active carrier frequency. This dynamic parameter adjustment allows the LNA to maximize performance on the currently active carrier while maintaining acceptable performance across other carriers, resolving the contradiction between carrier-specific optimization and multi-carrier adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

4Reliability

If input matching circuits are optimized for one frequency band, then noise figure and impedance matching improve for that band, but performance in other bands deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenoise figure and impedance matchingVSAvoidperformance across frequency bands
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The input matching circuits incorporate tunable elements that can dynamically adjust their impedance characteristics to match different frequency bands. This dynamic matching capability allows the LNA to optimize noise figure and impedance matching for the currently active frequency band while maintaining functional performance across other bands, thereby resolving the contradiction between band-specific optimization and multi-band versatility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP2856639B1Low noise amplifiers for carrier aggregation
Publication Date: 2019.09.11 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP2856639B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2856639B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2D
  • EP2856639B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Low noise amplifiers (LNAs) supporting carrier aggregation are disclosed. In an exemplary design, an apparatus includes first and second amplifier stages, e.g., for a carrier aggregation (CA) LNA or a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) LNA. The first amplifier stage receives and amplifies an input radio frequency (RF) signal and provides a first output RF signal to a first load circuit when the first amplifier stage is enabled. The input RF signal includes transmissions sent on multiple carriers at different frequencies to a wireless device. The second amplifier stage receives and amplifies the input RF signal and provides a second output RF signal to a second load circuit when the second amplifier stage is enabled. Each amplifier stage may include a gain transistor coupled to a cascode transistor.