Catalytic Graphite Production for Homogeneous Anode Materials

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing graphite production methods for lithium-ion batteries face issues with inhomogeneous catalyst distribution, high catalyst content, long processing times, high energy requirements, and low degree of graphitization, which affect the efficiency and purity of anode materials.

Innovation Solution

A process involving the addition of catalytically effective oxides and carbides to petroleum or coal residues in a delayed coker, followed by calcination, mechanical crushing, and high-temperature graphitization, achieving a homogeneous catalyst distribution and reduced catalyst content, resulting in improved graphitization and purity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If catalyst is added to produce graphite materials in delayed coker, then the degree of graphitization is improved, but the catalyst distribution becomes inhomogeneous

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedegree of graphitizationVSAvoidcatalyst distribution homogeneity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The catalyst is added during the delayed coking process before the graphitization step, allowing the catalyst to be incorporated into the coke structure in advance. This preliminary incorporation ensures homogeneous distribution of the catalyst throughout the coke particles, which then uniformly promotes graphitization during subsequent high-temperature treatment, resolving the contradiction between achieving high degree of graphitization and maintaining homogeneous catalyst distribution

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the process parameters by adding the catalyst under specific conditions during delayed coking (at controlled temperature and residence time), transforming the catalyst from a separately applied substance into an integrated component of the coke structure. This parameter change ensures uniform catalyst distribution while maintaining its catalytic activity for graphitization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If high catalyst content is used to achieve high degree of graphitization, then the graphitization quality is improved, but the production cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedegree of graphitizationVSAvoidcatalyst content
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes the catalyst addition parameters during delayed coking, achieving high graphitization quality with reduced catalyst content. By controlling the catalyst addition timing, temperature, and mixing conditions, the catalyst is efficiently utilized and uniformly distributed, maximizing its catalytic effect and reducing the required catalyst quantity while maintaining high degree of graphitization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The catalyst added during delayed coking serves dual functions: it acts as a catalyst for graphitization and simultaneously becomes an integral part of the coke structure through the coking process. This self-incorporation mechanism ensures efficient catalyst utilization, eliminating the need for excessive catalyst addition and reducing production costs while achieving high graphitization quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Adaptability or versatility

If Acheson graphitization process is used, then all kinds of shapes can be graphitized, but the production time is long (2 to 6 weeks)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegraphitization shape flexibilityVSAvoidproduction time
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The catalyst is incorporated during the delayed coking step before graphitization, preparing the material in advance with uniform catalyst distribution. This preliminary preparation enables more efficient graphitization processing, allowing for shorter production cycles while maintaining the ability to process various shapes, thus reducing the 2-6 week production time associated with conventional Acheson processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention integrates the catalyst addition into the continuous delayed coking process, ensuring uninterrupted catalyst incorporation and uniform distribution throughout the material. This continuous action eliminates the need for separate catalyst application steps and enables more efficient subsequent graphitization, significantly reducing overall production time while maintaining shape versatility

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

4Adaptability or versatility

If Acheson graphitization is used, then various shapes can be processed, but the energy requirement is high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegraphitization shape flexibilityVSAvoidenergy requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSUse of energy by stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

By incorporating the catalyst during delayed coking with optimized parameters, the material is pre-conditioned for more efficient graphitization. The uniform catalyst distribution achieved through this parameter change reduces the energy barrier for graphitization, lowering the energy requirement while maintaining the capability to process various shapes that Acheson graphitization is known for

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

5Loss of time

If fluidized bed graphitization is used, then the process time is short, but the degree of graphitization is low

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess timeVSAvoiddegree of graphitization
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The catalyst is incorporated during delayed coking before graphitization, preparing the material in advance with uniform catalyst distribution. This preliminary catalytic preparation enables short-duration graphitization processes like fluidized bed to achieve high degrees of graphitization, as the pre-distributed catalyst provides numerous active sites for rapid graphitic transformation during the brief exposure to high temperatures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This process reduces catalyst content by at least 50%, achieves a high degree of graphitization, and enhances the discharge capacity of graphite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, with a specific capacity of 345 to 365 mAh/g, improving both performance and cost efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

Adding at least one catalyst effective for catalytic graphitization, selected from at least one compound of the oxides and carbides from the group containing the elements iron, nickel, titanium, silicon and boron

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatalysis: Catalysis

Implementation Method 2

These graphite materials can be used with lithium as lithium intercalation materials in anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIntercalation: Absorption (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP3408225B1Catalytically active additives for coke origintiang from petrol or coal
Publication Date: 2024.03.06 SGL CARBON SE

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for producing graphite materials and to the use thereof for lithium ion batteries.