Battery Pack Channel Segmentation for Thermal Runaway Venting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current thermal runaway protection schemes for large cylindrical power batteries are complex, occupy excessive space, and exacerbate thermal runaway due to shared space for pressure relief channels, electric parts, and battery cells, leading to high-voltage short circuits.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack design featuring separate thermal runaway pressure relief channels, electric part mounting channels, and pressure relief channels at the bottoms of battery cells, with a pressure relief valve and fire-resistant components to prevent aggravation of thermal runaway and optimize internal space usage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If pressure relief channels, electric parts and battery cells share same space, then space occupancy is reduced, but thermal runaway aggravates due to high-voltage short circuit
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the battery pack internal space into separate functional channels: a first channel for pressure relief, a second channel for electric parts, and a third channel for battery cell accommodation. This spatial segmentation prevents high-temperature gas and burning materials from contacting electric parts during thermal runaway, eliminating the short circuit risk while maintaining compact overall structure.
2Reliability
If thermal runaway protection scheme is implemented with separate channels, then safety is improved, but design complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates multiple functions into the frame structure: the frame simultaneously serves as a support structure and contains embedded channels for pressure relief and electric part accommodation. The bottom protection plate also integrates pressure relief holes and channel connections. This merging of functions reduces the number of separate components and simplifies the overall design while achieving effective thermal runaway protection.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery pack, including: a case, wherein the case includes a bottom protection plate, a frame, and an upper cover, the frame is located on the bottom protection plate, the upper cover is located on the frame, and the bottom protection plate, the frame, and the upper cover enclose to form an accommodation cavity; and a plurality of battery cells disposed on the bottom protection plate and located in the accommodation cavity. A pressure relief valve is disposed on the frame. A first channel and a second channel are provided in the frame. The first channel and the second channel are independent of each other, and the first channel is communicated with the pressure relief valve. A plurality of pressure relief holes is provided on a side of the bottom protection plate facing the accommodation cavity. A third channel is provided in the bottom protection plate. The pressure relief holes are communicated with the third channel, and the third channel is communicated with the first channel. The first channel and the third channel is configured as pressure relief channels, and the second channel is configured as an electric part accommodation channel.