Charge-Balanced ADC Control for High-Current Image Sensors

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing microelectronic imaging devices face limitations in achieving both good linearity and high conversion dynamics, particularly when dealing with high detection currents, which can lead to blocking of scanning processes and insufficient resolution.

Innovation Solution

A microelectronic device with a detector and an analog/digital converter that includes a comparator, charge injector, and control means to modulate the charge injection based on the intensity of the detection current, allowing for variable charge injection quantities and frequencies to adapt to changing light intensities, thereby preventing blocking and improving dynamic range.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If fixed quantity charge injection is used, then device complexity is reduced, but conversion dynamics and linearity deteriorate under high detection currents

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharge injection controlVSAvoidconversion linearity
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The charge injection quantity is made variable through a control means that adjusts the injected charge amount based on the detection current intensity. This dynamic adjustment allows the system to maintain optimal performance across different light intensity conditions, resolving the contradiction between fixed complexity and variable precision requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the parameter of charge injection quantity from fixed to variable by introducing control means that modulates the injected charge amount. This parameter change enables adaptation to different detection current levels, improving both linearity and conversion dynamics without excessive complexity increase.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If high detection current is processed, then conversion dynamics improve, but blocking of scanning process occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconversion dynamicsVSAvoidscanning continuity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The control means dynamically adjusts the charge injection quantity based on detection current intensity. When detection current is high, the system increases charge injection to maintain scanning continuity and prevent blocking, thereby maintaining both high conversion dynamics and reliable operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The control means uses feedback from the detection current to modulate the charge injection quantity. This feedback mechanism ensures that the scanning process continues smoothly under high detection current conditions by adjusting injection parameters in real-time, preventing blocking while maintaining productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Adaptability or versatility

If variable charge injection quantity is implemented, then conversion dynamics improve, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconversion dynamicsVSAvoidcharge injection control
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements variable charge injection by changing the parameter of injected charge amount through control means. This approach provides improved adaptability and conversion dynamics while managing complexity through parameter-based control rather than structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The control means selectively activates different numbers of charge injectors based on detection current intensity, effectively discarding unnecessary injectors during low current conditions and recovering full capability during high current conditions. This approach manages complexity by using only the required number of injectors at any given time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

4Measurement precision

If multiple charge injectors are used, then measurement precision improves, but device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconversion linearityVSAvoidpixel structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The charge injection function is segmented into multiple independent charge injectors, each capable of being selectively activated. This segmentation allows the system to achieve high measurement precision through coordinated operation of multiple injectors while managing manufacturing complexity by using identical, modular injector units.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple charge injectors are designed with identical structure and function, allowing them to be manufactured using the same process. This universality improves measurement precision through parallel operation while simplifying manufacturing by repeating a proven design rather than creating complex unique structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables improved conversion dynamics and prevents blocking during high detection currents, allowing for more extensive and accurate light intensity range capture without prior prediction, maintaining good linearity and precision in image sensing.

Implementation Method 1

a detector, provided for example with at least one photodiode or at least one phototransistor, provided for converting the energy of photons incident on the pixel into electron-hole pairs

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

a capacity of integration, whose role is to store these charges

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 3

injector means of charges capable of modifying the analog signal by at least one injection of a given quantity of charges Qc into said capacitor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCharge injection:

Data Source

PatentEP1860778B8Micro-electronic analogue-to-digital converter with improved charge balancing
Publication Date: 2009.06.10 COMMISSARIAT A LENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES

AI summary

The sensor has an analog/digital conversion unit with a comparator (130) receiving an analog signal (Vint) of an integration capacitor (110) and delivering an output signal (Scomp) adopting a stable state or another state. A charge injection unit (190) modifies the analog signal by injection of a given charge quantity in the capacitor consecutive to a state change from the stable state to the other state, at an output of the comparator. A charge injection unit control module (250) modifies the quantity based on an intensity of a current (Idet) delivered by a detector (50) e.g. photodiode. An independent claim is also included for a method for controlling a microelectronic device.