Energy Storage Charging Control for Loss and Aging Balance
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge is to balance the charging rate and duration of energy storage devices in vehicles to minimize energy losses and aging, which are particularly pronounced in heavy vehicles, while ensuring efficient operation and prolonging the service life of the energy storage devices.
Innovation Solution
A method and control device that determine a desired duration and current for charging based on minimizing energy loss using a constant charging current, adjusting parameters to meet predetermined time and current limits, and optimizing the charging operation to reduce aging and energy consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a low charging rate is used, then the risk of aging of the energy storage device is reduced, but the charging duration increases and the vehicle remains out of service longer
Solution Approach 1:
The charging current is dynamically adjusted in multiple stages: initially set to a high value for rapid charging, then reduced to a lower value as the state of charge approaches the target. This dynamic adjustment allows the system to achieve fast charging while limiting the time spent at high charging rates that cause aging, thus resolving the contradiction between service life and vehicle availability.
Solution Approach 2:
The charging parameters (current magnitude and duration) are changed based on the state of charge level. The system transitions from a first charging current value to a second charging current value when approaching the target state of charge, optimizing both charging speed and aging reduction to balance service life extension with minimal vehicle downtime.
2Reliability
If a low charging rate is used, then the energy storage device aging is reduced, but the time spent at high state of charge increases leading to other aging factors
Solution Approach 1:
The charging current is dynamically adjusted in multiple stages: initially set to a high value for rapid charging, then reduced to a lower value as the state of charge approaches the target. This dynamic adjustment allows the system to achieve fast charging while limiting the time spent at high charging rates that cause aging, thus resolving the contradiction between service life and vehicle availability.
Solution Approach 2:
The charging parameters (current magnitude and duration) are changed based on the state of charge level. The system transitions from a first charging current value to a second charging current value when approaching the target state of charge, optimizing both charging speed and aging reduction to balance service life extension with minimal vehicle downtime.
3Productivity
If a high charging current is used, then the charging duration is reduced and vehicle availability is improved, but resistive losses increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The charging current is dynamically adjusted in multiple stages: initially set to a high value for rapid charging, then reduced to a lower value as the state of charge approaches the target. This dynamic adjustment allows the system to achieve fast charging while limiting the time spent at high charging rates that cause aging, thus resolving the contradiction between service life and vehicle availability.
Solution Approach 2:
The charging parameters (current magnitude and duration) are changed based on the state of charge level. The system transitions from a first charging current value to a second charging current value when approaching the target state of charge, optimizing both charging speed and aging reduction to balance service life extension with minimal vehicle downtime.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach reduces energy losses and extends the service life of energy storage devices by balancing charging rate and duration, thereby lowering the total cost of operation and maintaining the vehicle's efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
The electrochemical cells can store or release energy through electrochemical reactions
Implementation Method 2
Resistive losses occur due to losses in conductors of the electric system of the energy storage device. These resistivity losses are dependent of the charging current, where doubling the charging current means quadrupling the resistivity losses
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a control device and method for controlling charging of an energy storage device. The method comprises: determining a desired duration of charging the energy storage device to a target state of charge so as to minimize energy loss, when the determined desired duration of charging is equal to or longer than a predetermined minimum time threshold, determining a first charging current needed for reaching the target state of charge if charging for a period of time corresponding to the determined desired duration, when the determined first charging current is equal to or below a predetermined maximum charging current limit, selecting the determined first charging current and the determined desired duration of charging as parameters for the charging operation of the energy storage device, and charging the energy storage device using the selected parameters for the charging operation.