Circuit Arrangement for Dangerous Contact Voltage in Motor Vehicles
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
The use of operating voltages above the dangerous contact limit value in motor vehicles, such as those required for switchable glazing units, poses challenges due to the need for additional outlay in contact protection, fault diagnosis, and documentation, and restricts flexibility and mobility, especially in confined spaces or with moving parts.
Innovation Solution
A circuit arrangement that generates an operating voltage greater than the dangerous contact limit value by creating two component voltages, each with respect to a reference-ground potential, ensuring that neither line element carries a voltage above the limit value when insulation is damaged, thus preventing hazardous contact voltages.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If galvanic isolation is used to prevent dangerous contact voltages, then safety is improved, but device complexity and production costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The voltage transmission system is segmented into two separate voltage transmissions: a first voltage transmission for signal/control voltage and a second voltage transmission for power voltage. This segmentation allows each transmission to be optimized independently, avoiding the need for complex galvanic isolation while maintaining safety by keeping control and power paths separate.
Solution Approach 2:
A converter circuit acts as an intermediary between the control unit and the electrical consumer. The converter circuit receives control signals through the first voltage transmission and generates the appropriate power voltage through the second voltage transmission, mediating between low-voltage control and high-voltage power delivery without requiring direct galvanic isolation.
2Adaptability or versatility
If dangerous contact operating voltage is generated directly at the load, then flexibility and mobility are improved, but device complexity increases due to additional components
Solution Approach 1:
The function of generating dangerous contact operating voltage is extracted from the load and relocated to a centralized power supply system. The load only receives controlled voltage through the first voltage transmission and converts it locally if needed, eliminating the need for complex voltage generation components within each load device.
Solution Approach 2:
The power supply system is designed as a universal multi-functional unit that can serve multiple electrical consumers. The centralized converter circuit can dynamically adjust and distribute appropriate voltages to different loads based on their requirements, providing flexibility without requiring each load to have its own voltage generation capability.
3Power
If operating voltage above dangerous contact limit is transmitted through line elements, then power delivery capability is improved, but safety risks increase upon insulation damage
Solution Approach 1:
The voltage transmission is segmented into two separate systems: the first voltage transmission carries only control voltages below the dangerous contact limit, while the second voltage transmission carries the high power voltage. This segmentation ensures that insulation damage in the high-voltage line does not directly expose control circuits or users to dangerous voltages.
Solution Approach 2:
The converter circuit serves as an intermediary that receives low-voltage control signals through the first transmission and generates high-voltage power output through the second transmission. This intermediary ensures that dangerous high voltages are never present in the control lines, eliminating the safety risk while maintaining full power delivery capability.
Data Source
AI summary
A circuit arrangement supplies an electrical vehicle component part of a motor vehicle with an operating voltage, which has a voltage value that is greater than a predetermined limit value for dangerous contact. The circuit arrangement has a source circuit for generating the operating voltage and two line elements for transmitting the operating voltage to the vehicle component part. A reference contact is provided for connecting the circuit arrangement to a reference-ground potential. The source circuit is configured, in order to generate the operating voltage, to generate a first component voltage between the first line element and the reference contact and a second component voltage between the second line element and the reference contact. The difference between the component voltages corresponds to the operating voltage and the component voltages with respect to the reference contact have a voltage value lower than the limit value.