Chemical CO2 Generator with Low-Temperature Charge
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing chemical gas generators for nitrogen or oxygen are complex, produce high-temperature gases, generate undesirable side-products like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and have reactive slag, limiting their applicability and suitability for consumer products.
Innovation Solution
A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator using a charge material comprising 40-70% magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate, 20-44% chlorate or perchlorate as oxidizers, 1-20% carbon, and 1-10% inorganic binder, which decomposes to produce carbon dioxide gas at low temperatures with minimal toxic components, and includes a treatment unit to reduce side-products and cool the gas.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If chemical gas generators use decomposition or burning of solid materials to generate gas, then gas generation function is achieved, but the generated gases are at high temperature (above 150°C) which limits applicability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a cooling agent as an intermediary substance that contacts the hot generated gas to reduce its temperature. The cooling agent absorbs heat from the generated gas through endothermic decomposition or heat absorption, thereby cooling the gas below 150°C while allowing the gas generation process to proceed at higher temperatures
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the temperature parameter of the generated gas by introducing cooling mechanisms. The charge composition is designed to generate gas at controlled temperatures, and cooling agents are added to maintain the gas temperature below 150°C, thereby expanding the applicability range to systems that cannot withstand high temperatures
2Productivity
If chemical gas generators use conventional charge materials, then gas generation is achieved, but undesirable side-products like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides are formed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the charge material by selecting specific oxidizers (chlorates or perchlorates) and carbonates/oxalates in optimized ratios. This parameter optimization ensures complete combustion and minimizes the formation of toxic side-products like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides while maintaining high gas generation efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts potentially harmful combustion by-products into beneficial outcomes by carefully controlling the charge composition. The selected oxidizers and fuel materials are designed to produce primarily carbon dioxide and water vapor, transforming what could be harmful combustion products into safe, desirable gas composition
3Productivity
If chemical gas generators use conventional structures, then gas generation function is achieved, but the structure is relatively complicated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the gas generation function and the cooling function into a single integrated device. The cooling agent is incorporated directly into the charge housing alongside the charge material, eliminating the need for separate cooling systems such as external heat exchangers or complex cooling mechanisms, thereby simplifying the overall device structure
4Productivity
If chemical gas generators produce reactive slag after usage, then gas generation is achieved, but controlled dismantling is required which makes them less suitable for consumer products
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a disposable charge material that is designed to be discarded after a single use. The charge housing is made to be inexpensive and easily disposable, eliminating the need for complex dismantling procedures. After gas generation, the entire charge assembly can be safely discarded without requiring controlled dismantling to handle reactive slag
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and removes the problematic reactive slag component from the system by designing a charge composition that minimizes slag formation. The selected oxidizers and fuel materials are optimized to produce minimal non-gaseous residues, thereby eliminating the need for controlled dismantling procedures to handle reactive slag
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The generator produces carbon dioxide gas at temperatures of 100 °C or less, with high CO2 content and low levels of toxic gases like carbon monoxide and chlorine, making it suitable for various applications including fire extinguishers and inflatable devices without the drawbacks of existing nitrogen or oxygen generators.
Implementation Method 1
the temperature of the gases decreases as a result of the endothermal decomposition process of, or heat absorption by the cooling agent
Implementation Method 2
Gas generating processes based on the decomposition or burning of chemical propellants are frequently used
Implementation Method 3
an outlet for carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge
Data Source
Figure 1~2
AI summary
A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator comprising: - a charge housing; - a carbon dioxide gas penetrable charge, contained in the said housing, the charge comprising a) 40-60 wt. % of a substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide, which substance is selected from the group of magnesium carbonate, other carbonates, magnesium oxalate and other oxalates, b) 20-50 wt. % of an oxidiser selected from the group of sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, other metal chlorates, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, and other metal perchlorates, c) 1-20 wt. % of carbon or another fuel, d) 1-10 wt. % binder, said components a), b), c) and d) together forming 90-100 wt. % of the total weight of the charge; - an ignition device for igniting the charge; - a carbon dioxide gas treatment unit for reducing the content of one or more side-products - which may have been formed by the charge - in the generated carbon dioxide, and/or for cooling carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge; and - an outlet for carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge.