System and methods for detection of misalignment in a wireless power transfer
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge of misalignment between transmitter and receiver coils in dynamic wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicles, which affects charging efficiency and stability, is not adequately addressed by existing technologies.
Innovation Solution
A method and system using symmetrical component analysis to measure and correct misalignment between transmitter and receiver coils by determining positive and negative sequence components, providing corrective signals to align the receiver coils with the transmitter coils, utilizing a vehicle lane assist system.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If transmitter coils are embedded in roadway with standard construction tolerances, then ease of manufacture is improved, but manufacturing precision of coil alignment deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary alignment detection by measuring current or voltage in receiver coils when energized by transmitter coils before actual power transfer. Symmetrical component analysis is applied to determine positive and negative sequence components, which reveal misalignment conditions. Corrective signals are generated in advance to adjust receiver coil positions, ensuring proper alignment before charging operations begin.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements a feedback mechanism where the measured electrical parameters from receiver coils are continuously monitored and analyzed. The symmetrical component analysis provides feedback information about the degree and direction of misalignment. This feedback is used to generate corrective signals that adjust the receiver coil positions, creating a closed-loop control system that maintains optimal alignment during roadway construction and operation.
2Productivity
If misalignment detection and correction systems are added to DWPT systems, then power transfer efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system replaces complex mechanical alignment adjustment mechanisms with an electrical field-based detection and correction approach. By utilizing the existing electromagnetic coupling between transmitter and receiver coils, the system measures misalignment through electrical parameter analysis (current or voltage measurements) and generates corrective signals, eliminating the need for complex mechanical sensing and adjustment hardware.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses the existing electromagnetic coupling infrastructure of the DWPT system for dual purposes: both power transfer and alignment detection. The same transmitter and receiver coils used for power transfer are also utilized for measuring current or voltage to detect misalignment. This multi-functional approach eliminates the need for separate alignment detection hardware, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining high power transfer efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Accurately predicts and corrects misalignment, ensuring efficient power transfer and maintaining alignment between transmitter and receiver coils, thereby enhancing charging stability and efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
DWPT systems utilize transmitter (tx) coils embedded within the roadway to establish time-changing magnetic fields above the road surface. These time-changing magnetic fields induce a voltage in receiver (rx) coils that are incorporated in an underside compartment of an electric vehicle as the vehicle passes over an energized transmitter.
Implementation Method 2
measuring current or voltage in two or more receiver coils when energized by two or more transmitter coils based on electromagnetic coupling between the two or more transmitter coils and the two or more receiver coils
Data Source
AI summary
A method of correcting misalignment between two or more transmitter coils embedded in a roadway and two or more receiver coils in a vehicle includes measuring current or voltage in two or more receiver coils when energized by two or more transmitter coils based on electromagnetic coupling between the two or more transmitter coils and the two or more receiver coils, sampling the measured current or voltage, determining magnitude and phase of the sampled current or voltage, using symmetrical component analysis to determine positive and negative sequence components, determining the two or more receiver coils misalignment with respect to the two or more transmitter coils based on the determined positive and negative sequence components, and providing position correction signals or instructions for the two or more receiver coils based on the determined misalignment.