Composite Wheelset Axle Protection for Rail Vehicles

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing ballistic protection arrangements for rail vehicle wheelset axles are heavy, inefficient for high speeds, and require extensive maintenance due to corrosion and surface damage from environmental factors, leading to increased maintenance costs and reduced vehicle availability.

Innovation Solution

A lightweight ballistic protection arrangement using a composite material with a first layer of polyethylene fibers for energy absorption and a second layer of steel or titanium for high tensile strength, secured with a zipper for easy assembly and disassembly, reducing mass and inertia while providing effective protection against deformation and damage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If traditional half-shell protection devices are used, then protection against stone impacts is achieved, but the mass and inertia of the wheelset axle increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection against stone impactsVSAvoidmass of wheelset axle
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by combining a fiber-reinforced plastic matrix with embedded metal strips (steel, aluminum, or titanium). This composite structure provides high strength and impact resistance against stone impacts while maintaining low density and weight, resolving the contradiction between protection strength and moving mass.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Strength

If thicker half-shells are used for speeds above 250 km/h, then protection effectiveness increases, but the mass and required drive power increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection effectiveness at high speedsVSAvoidrequired drive power
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The fiber-reinforced plastic composite with metal strips provides high strength-to-weight ratio, enabling effective protection at speeds above 250 km/h without the mass penalty of thicker traditional half-shells. This reduces the inertia and required drive power while maintaining protection effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Reliability

If numerous or thicker fastening straps are used, then secure fastening is achieved, but the mass, inertia, and assembly effort increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecure fasteningVSAvoidnumber of fastening components
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the protection function and fastening function into a single integrated shell structure. The shell itself is designed to be fastened directly to the wheelset axle, eliminating the need for separate numerous or thick fastening straps. This reduces the number of components, assembly effort, and overall mass while maintaining secure fastening.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Loss of energy

If a single-layer fiber-reinforced plastic is used, then energy absorption is achieved, but tensile strength is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy absorptionVSAvoidtensile strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite material system where a fiber-reinforced plastic matrix (providing energy absorption through fiber pull-out and matrix deformation) is combined with embedded metal strips (providing high tensile strength). This composite structure simultaneously achieves both energy absorption and high tensile strength that a single-layer fiber-reinforced plastic cannot provide alone.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution achieves high energy absorption and tensile strength with a thin, lightweight design, suitable for speeds up to 380 km/h, reducing maintenance needs and enhancing vehicle availability while minimizing mass and space requirements.

Implementation Method 1

The use of a primary fiber material, which may, for example, contain polyethylene fibers, results in high energy absorption or damping of objects (e.g., basalt stones with a mass of up to 250 g) that strike the wheelset axle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnergy absorption: Deformation

Implementation Method 2

The second layer of material results in high tensile strength of the ballistic protection arrangement and thus advantageous resistance against impacting objects (e.g. stones etc.)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTensile strength: Tension

Data Source

PatentEP3554917B1Ballistic protection arrangement for vehicles
Publication Date: 2023.04.26 SIEMENS MOBILITY AUSTRIA GMBH
  • EP3554917B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3554917B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3554917B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The invention relates to a ballistic protection arrangement for vehicles, in particular for chassis of rail vehicles, with at least one first wheelset (1) which has a first wheel (2), a second wheel (3) and a wheelset shaft (4). In order to provide advantageous construction conditions, it is proposed that a shell (5) which comprises at least one first material layer (6), which comprises a first fibre material, can be arranged around the wheelset shaft (4). This results in advantageous protection of the wheelset shaft (4) from damage, for example due to stone impacts at particularly high travelling speeds and at particularly low temperatures. Furthermore, the first fibre material of the first material layer (6) brings about high absorption of energy with the protection arrangement at the same time having a low mass.