Cryogenic Inductance Material With Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing inductances used in quantum computers fail to withstand cryogenic temperatures, leading to mechanical and electrical failures due to thermal stress, and submicron ferromagnetic particles agglomerate, causing excess losses at high frequencies.
Innovation Solution
An electromagnetic material comprising superparamagnetic metal nanoparticles (≤30 nm) in an insulating matrix, such as a polymer or graphene oxide, with a magnetic permeability ≥1.5, is used to create inductances that maintain structural integrity and reduce losses at cryogenic temperatures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If conventional inductances designed for 5G telecommunications are used, then they can operate at temperatures between −40°C and +85°C with manufacturing temperatures up to 400°C, but they experience very high compressive forces and mechanical failures when operating temperature approaches 0 K
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical parameters of the magnetic material by using submicron particles (0.1-10 μm) instead of conventional bulk magnetic materials. This size reduction fundamentally alters the thermal expansion characteristics and mechanical stress distribution, enabling the material to withstand cryogenic temperatures without mechanical failure while maintaining magnetic properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure by dispersing magnetic particles within a polymer or ceramic matrix. This composite approach combines the magnetic properties of the particles with the mechanical flexibility and thermal stability of the matrix material, resolving the contradiction between maintaining magnetic functionality and withstanding thermal stress at cryogenic temperatures.
2Speed
If submicron ferromagnetic particles are used to obtain high operating frequencies (5 to 10 GHz), then losses beyond 1 GHz are limited, but the particles retain remanent magnetism at room temperature and agglomerate spontaneously
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a polymer or ceramic matrix as an intermediary medium that disperses and stabilizes the magnetic particles. This matrix acts as a separator preventing direct particle-to-particle contact and magnetic attraction, thereby preventing agglomeration while allowing the particles to maintain their superparamagnetic properties and enable high-frequency operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the magnetic state parameter of the particles by selecting sizes in the superparamagnetic range (0.1-10 μm). This size parameter change ensures that particles exhibit superparamagnetism at operating temperatures, eliminating remanent magnetism that would cause agglomeration, while still providing sufficient magnetic permeability for high-frequency operation.
3Reliability
If the number of high heat balance thin films is reduced and replaced with functional polymers, then mechanical and electrical reliability is improved and resistance to very low temperatures increases, but submicron ferromagnetic particles agglomerate due to remanent magnetism
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the critical parameter of particle size to the superparamagnetic range (0.1-10 μm), which eliminates remanent magnetism at room temperature. This parameter change prevents the harmful agglomeration effect while preserving the benefits of using polymers for improved mechanical and electrical reliability at cryogenic temperatures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides inductances with enhanced mechanical reliability and reduced electromagnetic losses, maintaining higher inductance values and homogeneous particle dispersion, suitable for quantum computer operations.
Implementation Method 1
metal nanoparticles with superparamagnetic behavior of a size less than or equal to 30 nm and having a magnetic permeability greater than or equal to 1.5 for a frequency between 5 GHz and 50 GHz
Data Source
AI summary
An electromagnetic material for an inductance for operation at cryogenic temperatures including, in an electrically insulating matrix, metal nanoparticles with superparamagnetic behavior of size less than or equal to 30 nm and having a magnetic permeability greater than or equal to 1.5 for a frequency between 5 GHz and 50 GHz.