D-beta-hydroxybutyrate Ester for Muscle Preservation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods fail to effectively improve endurance during exercise and muscle recovery after exercise, particularly during intense exercise, as they do not adequately reduce muscle or liver glycogen loss and protein breakdown.
Innovation Solution
The use of an ester of D-β-hydroxybutyrate, which reduces muscle glycogen loss, decreases glycolysis, and alleviates the breakdown of essential branched-chain amino acids, thereby improving endurance and aiding muscle recovery by providing a substrate for energy and reducing muscle breakdown.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If carbohydrate or fat drinks are administered during exercise, then energy supply is provided, but muscle glycogen loss and protein breakdown are not adequately reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical parameter of the administered substance from conventional carbohydrates or fats to D-β-hydroxybutyrate esters. This parameter change enables the substance to be metabolized into ketone bodies, which provide energy while simultaneously reducing muscle glycogen loss and protein breakdown, thus resolving the contradiction between energy supply and substance preservation.
2Power
If exercise intensity is increased to improve performance, then energy expenditure increases, but muscle breakdown increases
Solution Approach 1:
The D-β-hydroxybutyrate ester acts as an intermediary substance that is metabolized into ketone bodies. These ketone bodies serve as an alternative fuel source during intense exercise, providing energy to meet high power demands while sparing muscle protein from breakdown, thus resolving the contradiction between exercise performance and muscle preservation.
3Duration of action of moving object
If prolonged exercise is performed to improve endurance, then energy demand increases, but glycogen depletion occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The D-β-hydroxybutyrate ester provides a continuous source of ketone bodies that can be metabolized throughout prolonged exercise. This continuous supply of alternative fuel maintains energy production without depleting glycogen stores, enabling sustained endurance performance while preserving glycogen quantity.
Data Source
Figure 1A~1H
Figure 2
Figure 3A~3F
AI summary
Use of a ketone body and a ketone body ester for preserving glycogen and/or protein, thereby reducing muscle breakdown and improving endurance during exercise and promoting muscle recovery following exercise. Also for retarding muscle wasting in aging and disease. (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate for use in reducing muscle glycogen and protein breakdown during exercise or decreasing muscle wasting in aging and disease. Certain esters of hydroxybutyrate monomers, particularly a monoester of D-β-hydroxybutyrate with R-1,3-butanediol or with glycerol to reduce muscle breakdown and aid muscle recovery after exercise or retard muscle wasting. Compositions containing the ketone bodies or ketone body esters are also described.