Ultra-Bright Dimeric and Polymeric Dyes With Spacing Linkers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing dimeric and polymeric fluorescent and colored dyes do not achieve the desired increase in brightness due to intramolecular fluorescence quenching, limiting their effectiveness in analytical methods requiring highly sensitive detection.
Innovation Solution
Development of water-soluble dyes with covalently linked fluorescent and/or colored moieties separated by a linker, reducing intramolecular fluorescence quenching and enhancing brightness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Illumination intensity
If dimeric and polymeric compounds comprising two or more fluorescent and/or colored moieties are prepared to increase brightness, then the signal intensity should increase, but intramolecular fluorescence quenching occurs and prevents the desired brightness increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the fluorescent/colored moieties into separate units connected by spacer groups, physically segmenting the quenching interaction. The spacer groups act as barriers that prevent the close contact necessary for intramolecular quenching, allowing each moiety to maintain its fluorescence while contributing to overall increased brightness.
Solution Approach 2:
The spacer groups serve as intermediary elements between the fluorescent/colored moieties. These spacers mediate the spatial relationship between moieties, maintaining optimal distance to prevent quenching while still allowing the dimeric/polymeric structure to provide enhanced brightness through multiple emitting units.
2Illumination intensity
If multiple fluorescent and/or colored moieties are covalently linked to form dimeric and polymeric dyes, then the molar brightness should increase, but the compounds become less water soluble
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical parameters of the dye structure by incorporating water-soluble spacer groups and hydrophilic substituents. This parameter change maintains the multi-moiety structure for enhanced brightness while simultaneously improving water solubility through the introduction of polar and hydrophilic character in the spacer regions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The dyes exhibit significantly increased brightness, enabling intense coloration and fluorescence, facilitating visual detection of analytes without prior illumination, and providing a variety of observable colors.
Implementation Method 1
dimeric and polymeric compounds comprising two or more fluorescent and/or colored moieties have been prepared in anticipation that such compounds would result in brighter dyes. However, as a result of intramolecular fluorescence quenching, the known dimeric and polymeric dyes have not achieved the desired increase in brightness.
Data Source
AI summary
Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I):or a stereoisomer, tautomer or salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, L1, L2, L3, L4, M, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds are also provided.