Directional Channel Access for mmWave Unlicensed Initial Access

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing channel access methods in unlicensed spectrum, particularly in the 57 GHz to 71 GHz band, face challenges in ensuring robust and efficient initial access due to interference and high path loss, especially in mmWave frequencies, where directional communication is necessary but current LBT procedures can lead to increased latency and failure in channel access.

Innovation Solution

A method and system for initial channel access that incorporates directional sensing and communication, allowing UEs to perform LBT in multiple spatial directions, using directional LBT procedures for MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, and MSG4 transmissions, and enabling dynamic LBT configuration based on traffic and regulatory requirements.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If directional LBT procedures are implemented in multiple spatial directions, then robustness and beam selection are improved, but device complexity and processing overhead increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechannel access robustnessVSAvoidLBT procedure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The channel access procedure is segmented into multiple directional LBT operations, where each spatial direction is handled independently with its own LBT check. This allows the system to divide the complex multi-directional channel access into manageable segments, improving reliability through comprehensive coverage while maintaining organized complexity management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The LBT procedure is made dynamic by adaptively selecting which directions to monitor and access based on channel conditions, beam measurements, and spatial relationships. The system dynamically adjusts the number and orientation of LBT directions rather than uniformly checking all possible directions, thereby improving robustness while controlling complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If LBT is performed in multiple spatial directions, then channel access reliability is improved, but initial access latency increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechannel access success rateVSAvoidinitial access latency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

Beam measurements and spatial channel assessments are performed preliminarily before the actual LBT procedure. This preliminary action identifies the most promising spatial directions in advance, allowing the LBT to focus only on those directions rather than exhaustively checking all directions, thus improving success rate while reducing latency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs LBT on a selective subset of spatial directions rather than all possible directions. By performing partial action (only on necessary directions identified through preliminary beam measurements), the system achieves sufficient channel access reliability without the excessive time cost of comprehensive multi-directional LBT.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Adaptability or versatility

If directional sensing and communication are used, then connectivity and spatial diversity are improved, but processing requirements and energy consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespatial connectivityVSAvoidUE processing energy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

Directional sensing and communication resources are concentrated on specific spatial directions that are most relevant for channel access, rather than uniformly processing all directions. The system applies high-quality directional processing locally to identified target directions while reducing or eliminating processing in other directions, thereby improving spatial connectivity while managing energy consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP4282192B1Initial channel access in unlicensed spectrum with directional sensing and communication
Publication Date: 2026.03.04 HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
  • EP4282192B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4282192B1 patent drawingFigure 3A
  • EP4282192B1 patent drawingFigure 3B

AI summary

A method for operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communications system includes the UE decoding a master information block (MIB) or a system information block (SIB) or both a MIB and a SIB received from a base station, determining that discovery burst transmission window (DBTW) is enabled, in accordance with at least the decoded MIB or SIB, decoding DBTW parameters, and executing a random access channel (RACH) procedure in accordance with the decoded DBTW parameters.