Electronic Disabling Device Non-Sinusoidal Waveform Rectification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current electronic disabling devices, such as stun guns and electrical discharge weapons, often produce sinusoidal output waveforms that can be more lethal than necessary, leading to safety concerns and unintended harm to targets, as they require contact in two places and may not effectively immobilize subjects with efficient electron flow.
Innovation Solution
An electronic disabling device that can produce a non-sinusoidal output waveform, specifically a half-cycle uni-pulse output waveform, and selectively switch to a sinusoidal waveform, utilizing a battery, power supply, step-up transformer, and bridge rectifier to provide a safer and more effective immobilization method by controlling electron flow.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a sinusoidal output waveform is used in electronic disabling devices, then the device can deliver electrical charge to immobilize a target, but unnecessary electron flow in the opposite direction increases lethality and safety risks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes the harmful opposite-direction electron flow from the sinusoidal waveform by implementing a half-wave rectifier circuit. This circuit allows only the positive half-cycles to pass through to the output electrodes, while blocking the negative half-cycles. The result is a unidirectional pulse waveform that maintains immobilization effectiveness while eliminating the harmful reverse electron flow that contributes to increased lethality.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the waveform parameter from a bidirectional sinusoidal waveform to a unidirectional half-wave rectified pulse waveform. This parameter change modifies the electron flow characteristics by eliminating the negative amplitude portion of the waveform, thereby reducing the total electron flow and associated lethality while maintaining the positive amplitude's immobilization effect.
2Productivity
If a sinusoidal output waveform with positive and negative amplitudes is used, then electrical charge can be delivered to disrupt muscle cell communication, but a larger than necessary amount of electrons flow in the opposite direction
Solution Approach 1:
The half-wave rectifier extracts only the useful positive half-cycles from the sinusoidal waveform and eliminates the wasteful negative half-cycles. This extraction process ensures that electron flow is directed solely in the productive direction needed for immobilization, improving electron flow efficiency by preventing energy waste in the opposite direction.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies partial action by delivering only the necessary positive electron flow required for immobilization, without the excessive opposite-direction flow inherent in sinusoidal waveforms. The half-wave rectified pulse delivers sufficient electrical charge to disrupt muscle cell communication while avoiding the excessive energy consumption associated with bidirectional electron flow.
3Reliability
If electronic disabling devices use high-voltage electrical charge to immobilize targets, then muscle cell communication can be disrupted, but safety concerns and unintended harm may occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the potentially harmful sinusoidal waveform with its bidirectional electron flow into a beneficial unidirectional pulse waveform. By using the half-wave rectifier to eliminate the harmful negative cycles, the device maintains the beneficial immobilization effect of the positive cycles while transforming the overall waveform into a safer configuration that reduces unintended harm.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes critical waveform parameters from sinusoidal to half-wave rectified pulse form, modifying the voltage delivery characteristics to improve safety. This parameter change reduces the root mean square voltage and total energy delivery while maintaining peak voltage effectiveness for immobilization, thereby improving control and reducing unintended harm.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device ensures safer immobilization by reducing unnecessary electron flow in the opposite direction, allowing for a safer and more controlled application of electrical discharge, reducing the risk of injury and lethality, while maintaining the ability to subdue targets effectively.
Implementation Method 1
a step-up transformer to increase the voltage of the electrical signal
Implementation Method 2
a bridge rectifier to convert the alternating current waveform into a unidirectional pulse waveform
Data Source
AI summary
A system and/or an associated method for providing an electronic disabling device with an output having an output waveform other than a sinusoidal waveform (e.g., a damped waveform, a critically damped waveform, a half-cycle uni-pulse output waveform, etc.) and/or for providing the electronic disabling device that can selectively apply the half-cycle uni-pulse output waveform and a sinusoidal output waveform in one device package. In one embodiment, an electronic disabling device includes a power supply coupled to receive an initial power from a battery and a final step-up transformer (e.g., a plain transformer, an autoformer, etc.) adapted to provide an output power having a non-sinusoidal output waveform. In this embodiment, a bridge rectifier is coupled between the power supply and the final step-up transformer to produce the non-sinusoidal output waveform.