Controlled pulsed stimulus delivery helps a conducted electrical weapon sustain neuromuscular incapacitation while reducing battery use and tissue damage risk.
Parallel high-voltage wires and flexible foam block crawling insects on tree trunks without pesticides or growth-restricting barriers.
Pulsed high-voltage delivery with charge-based switching helps a CEW induce NMI while conserving battery power and limiting tissue exposure.
Isolation relays and power-state detection ground an electric fence when shut off, discharging floating voltage to prevent shock.
A coil mesh driven by pulsed electromagnetic fields repels birds across large areas without harmful barriers or frequent maintenance.
Isolation relays ground the fence when power is off, neutralizing floating panel voltage from stray induction and preventing shock hazards.
A saturated output transformer with boost and capacitor stages delivers high-voltage cattle stimulus while keeping the wearable circuit light.