Electric Fence Energizer Pulse Interruption to Reduce EMI
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electric fence energizers face issues with excessive electromagnetic interference and overvoltages due to residual energy dissipation, which can prematurely age or destroy components, as they lack the ability to interrupt pulses at critical moments during discharging.
Innovation Solution
An electric fence energizer with an internal electronic control device that uses two controllable electronic actuators, such as IGBTs or MOSFETs, in series with the transformer primary to interrupt discharge pulses at any moment, along with diodes to ensure unidirectional current flow and recover residual energy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If a single electronic switch is used to control capacitor discharge, then the device can interrupt pulses, but residual energy still dissipates causing electromagnetic interference and component damage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the single switch control into two separate electronic actuators (switches) positioned at different locations in the circuit. The first actuator is placed between the capacitor and transformer primary, while the second actuator is placed between the transformer primary and the load. This segmentation allows independent control of the discharge process, enabling the first actuator to initiate controlled discharge and the second actuator to terminate it, thereby minimizing residual energy dissipation and reducing electromagnetic interference.
2Measurement precision
If the switch interrupts discharge at the critical moment when current is highest, then pulse control precision is improved, but component stress and potential damage increase
Solution Approach 1:
The first electronic actuator performs preliminary action by initiating the capacitor discharge process and establishing controlled current flow through the transformer primary. This preliminary controlled discharge allows the system to reach the desired current level gradually, and when the interruption moment is reached, the second actuator can terminate the discharge more safely because the current path has already been established and controlled by the first actuator, reducing sudden stress on components.
3Loss of energy
If residual energy is allowed to dissipate quickly in the transformer, then energy is removed from the circuit, but magnetic losses and overvoltages occur that can destroy semiconductor components
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the harmful residual energy dissipation process from the traditional single-switch configuration by introducing a second electronic actuator that can independently control the termination of current flow. This extraction allows the system to remove residual energy through controlled interruption by the second actuator rather than allowing uncontrolled dissipation in the transformer, thereby preventing excessive magnetic losses and overvoltages that would damage semiconductor components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution effectively minimizes residual energy dissipation, reduces electromagnetic interference, and extends the lifespan of components by allowing precise control over pulse interruption and energy recovery, enhancing the reliability and efficiency of the energizer.
Implementation Method 1
a step-up transformer, the secondary of which is connected to an electric fence
Implementation Method 2
an energy storage capacitor, which is connected to the primary of a step-up transformer
Data Source
AI summary
An electric fence energizer comprising an energy storage capacitor (2), which is able to be discharged into the primary (3) of a step-up transformer, the secondary (4) of which is connected to the electric fence, and comprising an internal electronic control device for controlling the discharge pulses from the capacitor (2) to the electric fence. The capacitor (2) is discharged into a circuit consisting, in series and in the following order, of a first electronic actuator (5), followed by the primary (3) of the transformer, followed by a second electronic actuator (6), the opening and closing of each one of the two electronic actuators (5, 6) being able to be controlled, and each one of said electronic actuators being able, during discharging, to interrupt the discharge pulses from the capacitor (2) into the primary (3) of the transformer, and then to permit said pulses.