Electroshock Device Shaped Pulse Capacitor Circuit
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electroshock devices face limitations in performance due to energy losses in high-voltage output pulse transformers, insufficient pulse duration and energy for effective target stopping, and the inability to combine STUN GUN and EMD technologies effectively, leading to inadequate target capture and poor visual demonstration effects.
Innovation Solution
The electroshock device employs Shaped Pulse technology with integrated STUN GUN/EMD parameters, using standard high-voltage pulse transformers with supplemental capacitors and diodes to achieve higher frequency and energy pulses, and incorporates a cutting discharger for enhanced visual and noise effects, allowing for longer pulse durations and improved target stopping and capture capabilities.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Duration of action of moving object
If standard high-voltage pulse transformers are used, then the device structure is simple, but the pulse duration and energy are insufficient for effective target stopping
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the capacitor system into two separate capacitors (first capacitor and second capacitor) with distinct functions. The first capacitor generates high-voltage impulses through the pulse transformer for EMD effect, while the second capacitor provides supplemental energy and extends pulse duration through the ionized channel. This segmentation allows each capacitor to be optimized for its specific function, achieving longer effective pulse duration without requiring an overly complex single-capacitor system.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a cutting discharger as an intermediary component that creates an ionized discharge gap between the electrodes. This ionized channel acts as a mediator that allows the second capacitor to discharge its energy directly to the target with minimal resistance, effectively extending the pulse duration and energy delivery capability without requiring modifications to the pulse transformer structure.
2Use of energy by moving object
If high energy is delivered in individual impulses, then the EMD effect is achieved, but no pain shock is brought about in the receptor nerve endings
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the energy delivery into two distinct phases: The first capacitor delivers high-energy impulses (0.5-2.0 J) at lower frequency (10-30 Hz) to achieve EMD effect on skeletal muscles. The second capacitor delivers supplemental energy through the ionized channel to extend pulse duration and enhance the overall physiological effect. This segmentation allows the system to achieve both deep muscle penetration and surface nerve stimulation that produces pain shock.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent ensures continuity of useful action by having the second capacitor discharge through the ionized channel created by the first capacitor's discharge. This continuous energy delivery through the pre-ionized path maintains current flow through both deep and surface tissues, ensuring both EMD effect and pain shock are achieved in a continuous manner rather than separate discrete impulses.
3Duration of action of moving object
If the duration of the impulse is increased to over 120-150 milliseconds, then the energy can be substantially reduced, but the spark gap through air requirement is not met
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by using the first capacitor to create an ionized discharge gap between the electrodes before the second capacitor discharges. This pre-ionization of the air path ensures that when the second capacitor discharges, the current can flow through the air gap reliably even with extended pulse duration. The preliminary ionization eliminates the reliability issue of maintaining spark gap through air for prolonged periods.
Solution Approach 2:
The ionized channel created by the first capacitor acts as an intermediary that facilitates the discharge of the second capacitor through the air gap. This ionized path serves as a conductive mediator that allows sustained current flow for extended pulse durations without requiring the electrodes to maintain a continuous high-voltage spark gap, thus meeting both the extended duration requirement and the reliability of air gap discharge.
4Power
If supplemental capacitors and diodes are added to achieve higher frequency and energy pulses, then the pulse energy and duration are improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the cutting discharger a multi-functional component that serves multiple purposes: it creates the ionized channel for extended pulse duration, enables the second capacitor to discharge effectively, provides visual demonstration effect, and acts as a switch for the supplemental energy path. This universality reduces the need for additional dedicated components, thereby limiting the increase in device complexity while still achieving higher pulse energy and duration.
Solution Approach 2:
The cutting discharger produces a visible light emission (color change) during operation, providing a visual demonstration effect. This visual feedback serves as both a functional indicator of device operation and a psychological deterrent, adding value to the system without requiring additional complex components. The light emission is a byproduct of the ionization process, utilizing the existing energy discharge to provide an additional functional benefit.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The device achieves effective target stopping and capture by combining STUN GUN and EMD technologies with increased pulse energy and duration, and provides a significant visual demonstration effect, overcoming the limitations of previous devices in both performance and commercial appeal.
Implementation Method 1
a converter of the electric power supply's low-voltage direct current to direct current of 600-4000 volts
Implementation Method 2
a circuit consisting of a sequentially connected low-voltage coil of a high-voltage outgoing pulse transformer and a switch
Implementation Method 3
a switch for which, as a rule, a pneumatic or gas discharger is used with ignition voltage that is 15-50% less than the output voltage of the converter when empty
Implementation Method 4
an airborne discharger that preliminarily ionizes a discharge gap with a low-power discharge
Implementation Method 5
a storage capacitor and a circuit consisting of the sequentially engaged low-voltage coil of an output high-voltage pulse transformer
Data Source
AI summary
An electroshock device with a more effective physiological impact uses Shaped Pulse technology and integrated STUN GUN/EMD technology to produce high-voltage pulse transformers, and is distinguished by the considerable visual effect of its demonstration release of electric discharge. In one embodiment, the device employs parameters of electric discharges having frequencies of 100-200 Hz with pulse energy of at least 0.1 J and a pulse duration up to 1000 milliseconds, which allows one to achieve the goal of stopping and capturing the target. In other embodiments, a series of impulses based on STUN GUN technology alternate with separate impulses based on EMD technology in a single, uninterrupted electric discharge by which the target-stopping and target-capturing mechanisms are attained.