Distributed Feedback Sigma-Delta Modulator for Metastability Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Sigma-delta modulators face challenges in achieving high-speed operation and low-power consumption without suffering from meta stability problems, particularly at high sampling frequencies where parasitic poles and delays can lead to errors and instability.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a sigma-delta modulator with distributed feedback paths, each configured to provide a different gain value, utilizing multiple gain stages to decouple quantizer gain requirements from clock speed limitations, allowing for stable operation at high speeds or low powers by distributing gain across feedback paths and optimizing time delays.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a single high-gain feedback path is used, then the quantizer gain requirement is met, but meta stability problems occur at high sampling frequencies

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequantizer gainVSAvoidmeta stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The single high-gain feedback path is segmented into multiple feedback paths with different gain values. The quantizer is divided into multiple gain stages (first gain stage, second gain stage) where each stage provides a portion of the total gain. This segmentation distributes the gain requirement across multiple paths, preventing meta stability while achieving the necessary quantizer gain.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different feedback paths are assigned different gain characteristics tailored to their specific functions. The first feedback path provides a first gain value (e.g., gain of 2) while the second feedback path provides a second gain value (e.g., gain of 4), creating local quality variations that optimize both stability and precision in different parts of the system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Productivity

If the sampling frequency is increased for high-speed operation, then productivity improves, but parasitic poles and delays cause meta stability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesampling speedVSAvoidmeta stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The feedback system is segmented into multiple paths with different time delay characteristics. The first feedback path has a shorter time delay associated with it, while the second feedback path has a longer time delay. This segmentation allows the system to accommodate high sampling frequencies by distributing the delay burden across multiple paths.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The gain values of the feedback paths are specifically designed to compensate for time delay effects at high sampling frequencies. By adjusting the gain parameters (first gain value and second gain value) in relation to their respective time delays, the system maintains stability even when operating at high productivity levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Use of energy by moving object

If power consumption is reduced for low-power operation, then energy efficiency improves, but signal integrity and stability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidsignal integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The power consumption is segmented and distributed across multiple gain stages rather than concentrating it in a single high-gain stage. Each gain stage operates at lower power levels, and their combined effect achieves the necessary total gain. This segmentation enables low-power operation while maintaining signal integrity through distributed amplification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentEP2802077B1A sigma-delta modulator
Publication Date: 2015.07.08 NXP BV
  • EP2802077B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2a
  • EP2802077B1 patent drawingFigure 2b~3a
  • EP2802077B1 patent drawingFigure 3b

AI summary

A sigma-delta modulator (300) comprising a first filter stage (304); a second filter stage (306) in series with the first filter stage (304); a first feedback path (311) between the output of the second filter stage (306) and the input to the second filter stage (306), the first feedback (311) comprising a first gain stage (308, 308') such that the first feedback path (311) is configured to provide a first gain value; and a second feedback path (313) between the output of the second filter stage (306) and the input to the first filter stage (304), the second feedback path (313) comprising a second gain stage (309; 310') such that the second feedback path (313) is configured to provide a second gain value. The first gain value is different from the second gain value.