Dye-Based Laser-Induced Graphene Scribing on Complex Surfaces

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for scribing laser-induced graphene (LIG) are limited by the need for high-performance polymer precursors that are expensive, require processing in sheet form, and are difficult to apply to non-flat or non-smooth surfaces, and involve chemical compatibility issues with substrates.

Innovation Solution

Using dyes dispersed or dissolved in a solvent or dispersing medium as carbonization precursors, applied via methods like spray coating or screen printing, allowing LIG to be directly coated on any wettable surface and transformed into conductive tracks through laser-induced pyrolysis.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If high-performance polymer precursors (such as polyimide) are used for LIG scribing, then the electrical and thermal properties of the resulting graphene are improved, but the cost of the precursor material increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical and thermal propertiesVSAvoidcost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces expensive high-performance polymers with inexpensive dyes that can be used as single-use precursors. The dyes are applied as coatings that are subsequently removed after laser processing, eliminating the need for costly reusable polymer substrates while maintaining graphene quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts only the essential carbon-source function from expensive polymers and implements it through simple, cheap dyes. The dye molecules provide the necessary carbon for graphene formation without requiring the complex structural properties of high-performance polymers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Stability of the object's composition

If polymer precursors are processed in sheet form, then the structural integrity and uniformity of LIG are improved, but the adaptability to complex surface geometries deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural integrityVSAvoidadaptability to surface geometry
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses flexible dye coatings applied as thin films that can conform to complex surface geometries. These coatings maintain sufficient structural integrity during laser processing while adapting to various surface shapes, unlike rigid polymer sheets.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs spray coating techniques (aerosol delivery) to apply dye precursors as mist or liquid that can penetrate and coat complex surface geometries uniformly, then dries to form intact thin films ready for laser processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

3Ease of operation

If polymer precursors are applied as coatings, then the ease of application to substrates is improved, but the chemical compatibility issues with different substrates increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of applicationVSAvoidchemical compatibility issues
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent develops universal dye-based precursor coatings that can be applied to diverse substrates without chemical compatibility issues. The dyes are formulated to be chemically inert toward various substrate materials while providing consistent graphene formation across different surface types.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables LIG application on diverse substrates with improved chemical compatibility and cost-effectiveness, using commercially available and inexpensive dyes, and allows for scribing on complex surfaces with standard laser equipment.

Implementation Method 1

exposing the pure dye or the dye solution or the dye dispersion to the laser... transformed into conductive LIG tracks through laser-induced pyrolysis

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPyrolysis: Pyrolysis

Implementation Method 2

appropriate exposure to laser scribing at suitable wavelength and with suitable laser fluence

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser heating: Laser

Data Source

PatentEP4635912A1Method of scribing laser-induced graphene
Publication Date: 2025.10.22 SCUOLA SUPERIORE SANTANNA DI PISA
  • EP4635912A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4635912A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4635912A1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method of scribing laser-induced graphene (LIG) comprising the steps of: coating or soaking a substrate material with at least one pure dye or a dye dispersion or a dye solution; setting at least one laser parameter for laser-induced pyrolysis; and exposing the dye to the laser.