Eddy Current Probe Alignment for Annular Cavity Inspection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing non-destructive inspection (NDI) methods for eddy current testing of annular cavities in aircraft structures, such as tapered annular cavities, face challenges due to difficulty in accessing and aligning eddy current coils, leading to inefficient crack detection and increased costs.

Innovation Solution

A rotating scanner device with a probe apparatus featuring multiple eddy current elements, a positioning mechanism, and an aligning mechanism with pivot joint mechanisms, allowing for self-normalization and efficient alignment within the cavity, facilitating easier inspection of hard-to-reach areas.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a single eddy current coil is manually held against the interior of the annular cavity while scanning, then eddy current inspection can be performed, but it becomes challenging to maintain proper alignment and access difficult areas

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealignment accuracy of eddy current coilVSAvoidmanual accessibility to annular cavity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The probe apparatus divides the inspection system into multiple functional segments: a positioning mechanism with positioning arms that can independently adjust, an aligning mechanism with pivot joints for angular adjustment, and multiple eddy current coil assemblies. This segmentation allows each component to perform its specific function independently, making it easier to maintain proper alignment while accessing difficult cavity geometries.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The positioning mechanism employs movable positioning arms that can dynamically adjust their positions along the cavity wall, and the aligning mechanism uses pivot joints that allow dynamic angular adjustment. This dynamic capability enables the eddy current coils to maintain optimal alignment with the cavity surface regardless of the cavity's shape or size, while remaining accessible through a single opening.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If multiple applications and removals of fluorescent penetrant material are performed, then crack detection can be achieved, but the process becomes labor intensive and time consuming

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrack detection capabilityVSAvoidinspection time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The invention replaces the mechanical/chemical fluorescent penetrant method with an electromagnetic eddy current inspection system. The eddy current probe apparatus uses electromagnetic induction to detect cracks directly, eliminating the need for multiple applications and removals of penetrant material. This substitution dramatically reduces inspection time while maintaining or improving detection reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Area of stationary object

If eddy current inspection is performed in large diameter non-cylindrical annular cavities, then comprehensive inspection coverage can be achieved, but proper positioning and alignment becomes difficult and time-consuming

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinspection coverage areaVSAvoidpositioning and alignment time
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The probe apparatus is designed with universal adaptability to inspect various cavity geometries including large diameter, non-cylindrical, and tapered annular cavities. The positioning mechanism can accommodate different cavity diameters, and the aligning mechanism with pivot joints can adjust to various angular orientations. This multi-functionality allows comprehensive inspection coverage across diverse cavity shapes without requiring time-consuming custom positioning for each geometry.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The apparatus allows dynamic adjustment of geometric parameters: the positioning arms can extend or retract to match different cavity diameters, and the pivot joints can change angular parameters to align with non-cylindrical or tapered geometries. These parameter changes enable the same probe apparatus to efficiently inspect various cavity shapes while maintaining proper eddy current coil alignment with the cavity surface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables more accurate and efficient detection of cracks in annular cavities, reducing inspection time and labor costs by maintaining eddy current element alignment and ensuring consistent contact with the cavity surface, even in large diameter, non-cylindrical shapes.

Implementation Method 1

Eddy current testing with an eddy current surface probe is based on inducing electron flow (eddy currents) in electrically conductive material. Any defect in the material, such as cracks or other discontinuities, may disrupt the flow of the eddy currents.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEddy current: Eddy Currents

Implementation Method 2

inducing electron flow (eddy currents) in electrically conductive material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP2818857B1Apparatus and method for eddy current inspection of structures
Publication Date: 2020.08.26 THE BOEING CO
  • EP2818857B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP2818857B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP2818857B1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

There is provided a probe apparatus. The probe apparatus has a first end configured to connect to a rotating scanner device. The probe apparatus further has a second end with two or more eddy current elements. The second end further has a positioning mechanism configured to position the two or more eddy current elements against cavity walls of an annular cavity of a structure to be inspected with the probe apparatus, when the probe apparatus is positioned within the annular cavity. The second end further has an aligning mechanism coupled to the positioning mechanism. The aligning mechanism is configured to align the two or more eddy current elements in a perpendicular position with respect to the cavity walls of the annular cavity, when the probe apparatus is positioned within the annular cavity.