Electrochemical Cell Progressive Electrode Segmentation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electrochemical cell systems face inefficiencies in recharging and discharging processes, particularly in managing fuel depletion and electrode connectivity, which affects overall performance and cycle life.

Innovation Solution

A rechargeable electrochemical cell system with a fuel electrode comprising multiple permeable electrode bodies, where sensors and switches are used to disconnect depleted electrode bodies during discharge and manage anodic potential application during recharge, enabling progressive electrodeposition and oxidation reactions to optimize fuel utilization and energy density.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If all electrode bodies are connected to the load during discharging mode, then the power output is maximized, but the fuel depletion becomes unmanageable and reduces cycle life

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower outputVSAvoidcycle life
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The fuel electrode is divided into multiple separate permeable electrode bodies (first, second, third electrode bodies) that can be independently connected or disconnected from the load. This segmentation allows selective management of fuel consumption across different electrode bodies, enabling the system to maintain power output while preventing complete fuel depletion in all electrodes simultaneously, thereby extending cycle life.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Ease of manufacture

If the entire fuel electrode is recharged at once, then the recharging process is simplified, but the fuel distribution becomes non-uniform and reduces efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverecharging process simplicityVSAvoidfuel utilization efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The recharging process is segmented into sequential stages where different electrode bodies are charged at different times. The controller disconnects and reconnects electrode bodies in a specific sequence during recharging, allowing uniform fuel distribution across all electrode bodies. This segmented approach maintains manufacturing simplicity while significantly improving fuel utilization efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The recharging process employs periodic action by cyclically connecting and disconnecting different electrode bodies to the power source. This periodic switching enables controlled, uniform fuel deposition across all electrode bodies over multiple cycles, optimizing fuel distribution and utilization efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Productivity

If multiple switches and sensors are added to manage electrode connectivity, then the fuel utilization is optimized, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel utilization efficiencyVSAvoidswitching system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The controller performs multiple functions: it manages the switching of electrode bodies during both discharging and recharging modes, monitors sensor inputs for fuel depletion detection, and coordinates the sequential recharging process. This multi-functionality consolidates control logic into a single unit, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining optimized fuel utilization through coordinated electrode management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances the efficiency of energy generation and storage by ensuring optimal fuel utilization, prolonging cycle life and improving energy density through controlled electrode connectivity and recharge mechanisms.

Implementation Method 1

oxidize the metal fuel on the permeable electrode bodies

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 2

reduce the oxidant at the oxidant electrode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReduction: Reduction

Implementation Method 3

electrochemical reactions at the electrodes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical reaction: Fuel Cell

Implementation Method 4

liquid ionically conductive medium communicating the electrodes for conducting ions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIonic conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 5

electrodeposition of the metal fuel, via reduction of reducible ions of the metal fuel from the ionically conductive medium

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrodeposition: Electrodeposition

Implementation Method 6

reduction of reducible ions of the metal fuel from the ionically conductive medium

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReduction: Reduction

Implementation Method 7

oxidation of an oxidizable species of the oxidant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Data Source

PatentEP3057156B1Electrochemical cell system with a progressive oxygen evolving electrode/fuel electrode- divisional
Publication Date: 2020.03.04 NANTENERGY INC
  • EP3057156B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3057156B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3057156B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

One aspect of the present invention provides an electrochemical cell system comprising at least one electrochemical cell configured to be selectively connected to a load to discharge the cell by generating electrical current using a fuel and an oxidant. The electrochemical cell system may alternatively be connected to a power supply to recharge the cell. The electrochemical cell system comprises a plurality of electrodes and electrode bodies therein. The electrochemical cell system further comprises a switching system configured to permit progressive movement of the anodes used for charging each electrochemical cell, maintaining a minimum distance from a progressively moving cathode that is the site of fuel growth.