Nonaqueous Electrolyte Additives for Low-Temperature Voltage Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Power storage devices, such as lithium batteries, experience a drop in output voltage in low temperature environments, leading to equipment failure due to decreased ion diffusivity in nonaqueous liquid electrolytes, which affects battery reactions and charge-discharge processes.

Innovation Solution

A nonaqueous liquid electrolyte comprising a solute, a nonaqueous solvent, an isocyanate component, and a phenol component is used to form a protective film on the electrode surface, reducing film resistance and maintaining high ion conductivity, thereby ensuring stable output voltage in low temperatures.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional nonaqueous liquid electrolytes are used in low temperature environment, then the power storage device can operate, but the output voltage drops due to decreased ion diffusivity

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveoutput voltage stabilityVSAvoidion diffusivity

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by introducing specific additives (carboxylic acid ester with 5-70 mass% and isocyanate compound with 0.01-5 mass%) to modify the electrolyte's physical properties, particularly its viscosity and freezing point, enabling maintained ion diffusivity at low temperatures

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite electrolyte system by combining multiple components (nonaqueous solvent, lithium salt, carboxylic acid ester additive, and isocyanate compound) where each component contributes specific properties that collectively resolve the low-temperature performance issue

Inventive Principle:

Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If the electrolyte composition is modified to improve low temperature performance, then output voltage is maintained, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvelow temperature output voltageVSAvoidelectrolyte composition complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies specific compositional parameters within defined ranges (carboxylic acid ester: 5-70 mass%, isocyanate compound: 0.01-5 mass%) to achieve low-temperature performance without requiring complete reformulation of the electrolyte system, thus limiting complexity increase

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The combination of isocyanate and phenol components in the electrolyte forms a high-quality protective film that enhances the output voltage of power storage devices even in extreme low temperatures, such as -20°C or lower, while minimizing resistance and maintaining ion conductivity.

Implementation Method 1

an isocyanate component; and a phenol component... forms a protective film on the electrode surface

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectChemical reaction: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentUS20250006950A1Nonaqueous electrolytic solution for power storage device, and power storage device

Publication Date: 2025.01.02 PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO LTD

AI summary

Disclosed is a nonaqueous liquid electrolyte including a solute, a nonaqueous solvent, an isocyanate component, and a phenol component. The nonaqueous liquid electrolyte is used in a power storage device.