FAD2 Gene Mutations for High-Oleic Canola Seed Oil
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current canola oil contains lower levels of oleic acid, which limits its culinary, industrial, and commercial utility, necessitating the development of seed oils with higher oleic acid content and improved plants that produce such oils.
Innovation Solution
Introduction of targeted mutations in the FAD2 gene, such as insertions or deletions, to alter the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene in plants like Brassica spp, resulting in higher oleic acid and lower linoleic and linolenic acid levels in seed oil, without the use of transgenic methods.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional canola oil production methods are used, then the oil can be produced with standard composition, but the oleic acid content remains low (around 60%), limiting culinary and industrial utility
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the FAD2 gene to alter the enzymatic activity of fatty acid desaturase 2, thereby changing the fatty acid composition parameters of seed oil. Specifically, the mutation reduces the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid, resulting in elevated oleic acid content (68-95%) and reduced linoleic acid levels, which directly addresses the low oleic acid content limitation of conventional canola oil
2Quantity of substance
If FAD2 gene mutations are introduced to increase oleic acid content, then seed oil composition is improved with higher oleic acid and lower linoleic/linolenic acid, but the gene structure is altered requiring mutation introduction methods
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the taking out principle by extracting or removing specific nucleotide sequences from the FAD2 gene to create functional mutations. The method involves introducing insertions or deletions (InDels) of specific nucleotides (e.g., +1, -1, -2 nucleotide changes) that disrupt the normal gene structure and reduce FAD2 enzymatic activity, thereby achieving the desired fatty acid composition without requiring complex transgenic modifications
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) genes and plants and/or plant cells bearing one or more mutations in two or more FAD2 genes; as well as methods of making and using such plants. In some embodiments, plants producing seed oil with high oleic acid content are provided.