Fan-Shaped Waveguide Antenna for 5G Millimeter Band
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current antennas for 5G communication in the millimeter band face challenges such as high loss rates and complex manufacturing processes, particularly with microstrip patch array and box-shaped horn array antennas, which require improved design for minimal losses and ease of manufacturing.
Innovation Solution
A fan-shaped antenna design with a feeding unit and radiation slots in the same plane, utilizing partitioned waveguides and inductive posts to distribute signals with the same phase and amplitude, allowing for adjustable radiation angles and simplified manufacturing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If a microstrip patch array antenna is used, then the antenna can operate in the millimeter band, but the signal transmission loss is high and the manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into multiple independent waveguide elements arranged in an array configuration. Each waveguide element operates independently to radiate signals, allowing the system to achieve high directivity through constructive interference while maintaining low loss characteristics of individual waveguide structures. This segmentation enables scalable design without proportionally increasing manufacturing complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from planar microstrip patch structures to three-dimensional waveguide structures. The waveguides extend in the vertical dimension with specific height and width dimensions, creating a volumetric radiation pattern that improves signal transmission efficiency. This dimensional change allows better control over electromagnetic field distribution and reduces surface losses associated with planar structures.
2Shape
If a box-shaped horn array antenna is used, then the antenna can provide directional radiation, but the structure becomes complicated and manufacturing becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple waveguide elements are merged into a unified array structure with common feeding mechanisms and standardized mounting interfaces. The waveguides share common support structures and can be assembled using standardized procedures, significantly simplifying manufacturing compared to individual box-shaped horn assemblies. This merging maintains directional radiation capability while reducing overall structural complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the dimensional parameters of the waveguides including height, width, and spacing to achieve desired radiation patterns. By carefully controlling these parameters, the antenna maintains high directivity without requiring complex box-shaped horn structures. The parameter optimization allows simpler geometries to achieve the same or better performance than traditional horn arrays.
3Quantity of substance
If the feeding unit and radiation slots are in different planes, then signal distribution can be achieved, but the design complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The feeding unit is positioned in the same plane as the radiation slots, creating a coplanar configuration where all elements lie in a single geometric plane. This equipotential arrangement simplifies the electromagnetic field distribution and eliminates the need for complex three-dimensional feeding structures. Signal distribution is achieved through this simplified planar geometry, reducing both design and manufacturing complexity while maintaining effective signal delivery to all radiation elements.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The antenna achieves low loss and high directivity, enabling efficient 5G communication with adjustable radiation patterns and reduced manufacturing complexity, suitable for vehicles and various communication methods.
Implementation Method 1
at least one waveguide formed between the upper plate and the lower plate and propagating signals supplied from the feeding unit
Implementation Method 2
at least one radiation slot formed in an arc of the fan shape and radiating the signals propagated by the at least one waveguide to the outside
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna includes an upper plate having a fan shape, a lower plate having a shape corresponding to the upper plate, a feeding unit disposed at a center of the fan shape, at least one waveguide formed between the upper plate and the lower plate for propagating signals supplied from the feeding unit, and at least one radiation slot formed in an arc of the fan shape for radiating the signals propagated by the at least one waveguide to the outside.