Fc Receptor Polypeptide for Antigen-Specific Immune Complex Formation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current immunotherapy methods face challenges in achieving a balance between immune rejection and tolerance, particularly in treating cancers with multiple mutated antigens, and often result in antigen nonspecific responses that can lead to pathological inflammation or hyperprogression of cancer.

Innovation Solution

The use of an immunoglobulin binding factor (IBF) reagent, such as a microbial Fc receptor mimic with both Fab and FcR activities, bound to an antigen or immune complex (IC) to act as an adjuvant-vaccine-checkpoint, enhancing or inhibiting immunity in a specific manner to cancer antigens, while avoiding autoimmune responses.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional immunotherapy methods are used to treat cancers with multiple mutated antigens, then immune rejection is enhanced, but pathological inflammation and hyperprogression occur due to antigen nonspecific responses

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveimmune rejection efficacyVSAvoidpathological inflammation

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses Fc receptor polypeptides as intermediary molecules that specifically bind to the Fc region of antibodies formed against tumor antigens. This intermediary mechanism redirects nonspecific immune responses into targeted immune complex formation, maintaining immune rejection efficacy while preventing pathological inflammation through controlled antigen-specific responses

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the binding parameters of immune therapy by utilizing the constant Fc region binding properties of antibodies rather than variable antigen-specific regions. By using Fc receptor polypeptides that bind to this conserved region, the system maintains reliable immune activation while achieving antigen specificity through the unique Fc-antibody-antigen complex formation

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If Fc receptor polypeptides are used to bind immune complexes, then antigen-specific immune responses are enhanced, but the complexity of the therapy increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveantigen-specific immune responseVSAvoidtherapy complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The Fc receptor polypeptides serve multiple functions: they bind to the Fc region of various antibodies regardless of antigen specificity, facilitate immune complex formation, and direct targeted immune responses. This multi-functionality simplifies the overall therapy by using a single universal reagent type that can treat multiple cancer types with different mutated antigens

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes the natural Fc region structure that is already present on therapeutic antibodies, effectively copying this conserved element to create the Fc receptor polypeptide binding site. This approach leverages existing antibody structures rather than requiring de novo design of antigen-specific binding elements, reducing therapeutic complexity

Inventive Principle:

Principle #26Copying

3Manufacturing precision

If immune complexes are formed with Fc receptor polypeptides, then precision in treating cancer is improved, but the manufacturing process becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetreatment precisionVSAvoidmanufacturing process

Core Design Contradiction:

Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The Fc receptor polypeptides and antibodies spontaneously form immune complexes through natural Fc-FcR binding interactions when co-administered or pre-formed. This self-assembly mechanism eliminates complex manufacturing steps requiring precise control of complex formation conditions, while still achieving high treatment precision through the specific Fc-FcR interaction

Inventive Principle:

Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach provides antigen-specific immune responses, reducing the risk of autoimmune side effects and hyperprogression, and can be combined with other immunotherapy methods for enhanced efficacy and precision in treating cancer and immune complex diseases.

Implementation Method 1

The mechanism of Fc receptor binding is constant for Fc antibody region and binding of Fab constant region of antibody to Fab IBF

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectFc receptor binding:

Implementation Method 2

binding of Fab constant region of antibody to Fab IBF, thus and the resultant FcR immunity remains constant for all antigens

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectAntigen-antibody binding:

Data Source

PatentUS20230390385A1Compositions and Methods for Prevention and Treatment of Immune Complex Disease

Publication Date: 2023.12.07 COWAN FRED M

AI summary

The disclosure pertains to methods of immunotherapy for treating diseases and disorders which involve cellular Fc receptor mediated immune responses in humans and animals.