Fermented Soybean Meal Feed for Soluble NSP and Protein Uptake
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing animal feeds derived from soybean meal face challenges due to insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) that are not digested by monogastric animals, leading to reduced protein absorption and energy utilization, with potential for improved growth performance and weight uniformity in young animals.
Innovation Solution
A fermented feed ingredient is produced by processing dehulled and defatted soybean meal with spent brewer's yeast, which solubilizes NSP and enhances protein degradation, resulting in a higher content of soluble NSP, organic acid production, and improved peptide size distribution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If soybean meal is used as animal feed, then protein content is high, but insoluble non-starch polysaccharides reduce nutrient absorption and energy utilization
Solution Approach 1:
The yeast performs preliminary degradation of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides and protein structures in the soybean meal before the animal consumes it. This pre-processing action modifies the feed ingredient to improve subsequent nutrient absorption in the animal's digestive system, resolving the contradiction between high protein content and poor absorption caused by insoluble fibers.
Solution Approach 2:
Yeast acts as an intermediary substance that facilitates the breakdown of complex plant structures. The yeast expresses specific carbohydrate and protein targeting enzymes that degrade NSP and protein structures, making nutrients more accessible without requiring the animal's own digestive enzymes to handle the challenging plant cell walls.
2Reliability
If exogenous enzymes are added to animal diet, then enzyme activity is provided, but the enzyme is not in action until consumed and working in the gut environment
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of adding enzymes that will act later in the animal's gut, the yeast performs the enzymatic degradation action beforehand during the feed ingredient preparation process. This eliminates the time delay and ensures nutrients are already broken down and ready for absorption when the animal consumes the feed.
Solution Approach 2:
The yeast naturally expresses its own carbohydrate and protein targeting enzymes to degrade the soybean meal structures during fermentation. This self-service approach eliminates the need to add external enzymes and ensures the degradation action occurs under optimal conditions before consumption.
3Quantity of substance
If yeast is used to degrade NSP and protein structures, then soluble NSP content increases, but processing time and conditions must be optimized
Solution Approach 1:
The yeast naturally expresses the necessary carbohydrate and protein targeting enzymes to degrade NSP and protein structures during normal fermentation conditions. This self-service capability eliminates the need for complex external enzyme additions or sophisticated processing equipment, achieving high soluble NSP content through the yeast's inherent metabolic activities.
Solution Approach 2:
The fermentation process parameters (temperature, time, yeast concentration) are optimized to maximize yeast enzyme activity and NSP solubilization. By controlling these parameters, the process achieves high soluble NSP content while maintaining relatively simple processing conditions that leverage the yeast's natural capabilities.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The processed feed ingredient increases soluble NSP content by 10-50%, enhances metabolizable energy by 1.5-10% (MJ/kg DM), and improves growth performance and weight uniformity in pre-weaned animals by optimizing nutrient absorption and utilization.
Implementation Method 1
the yeast expresses specific carbohydrate and protein targeting/modifying enzymes
Implementation Method 2
when one treats a biomass comprising at least 50 % by weight soybean with yeast added in a specified amount, the process can degrade NSP and protein structures
Data Source
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AI summary
The invention relates to a fermented feed ingredient derived from spent brewer's yeast and a biomass of proteinaceous plant parts, where said biomass comprises 50% by weight or more of dehulled and defatted soybean meal, wherein the crude protein content of said feed ingredient is in the range of from 35% to 65% by weight on dry matter basis, and wherein from 2% to 8% by weight on dry matter basis of the protein is derived from yeast, and wherein the feed ingredient comprises at least 10 % more of soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) than the biomass from where the feed ingredient is derived. The invention also provide a method for preparing the feed ingredient and its use.