Fixed Cathode MBFEX Tube for Mammographic CT Imaging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current mammographic X-ray imaging technologies face challenges such as high error rates, limited sensitivity to calcifications, and radiation exposure due to mechanical rotation of X-ray tubes, which complicates early breast cancer detection and increases scan time, especially in dense breast tissue.

Innovation Solution

A computer tomograph using a multi-focus field emission X-ray tube (MBFEX) with a fixed arrangement of individually controllable X-ray emitters, where cathodes are aligned with a common anode, allowing for sequential activation to generate projection views without mechanical movement, reducing motion blur and enabling high-resolution imaging with adjustable X-ray beam geometry and radiation density.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a conventional rotating X-ray tube is used for mammographic imaging, then the system can capture projection views from multiple angles, but mechanical rotation causes motion blur and increases scan time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespatial resolutionVSAvoidscan time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the single rotating X-ray tube into multiple fixed X-ray emitters arranged in an arc, with each emitter capable of independent sequential activation. This segmentation eliminates the need for mechanical rotation while maintaining the ability to capture projection views from multiple angles, thereby resolving the contradiction between spatial resolution and scan time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical rotation system with an electronically controlled sequential activation system. Instead of physically rotating the X-ray tube, the system electronically switches between multiple fixed emitters, substituting mechanical motion with electronic control to eliminate motion blur and reduce scan time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Device complexity

If a conventional rotating X-ray tube is used, then the system structure is simpler, but mechanical instability and susceptibility to failure increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical structureVSAvoidmechanical stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent eliminates the mechanical rotation mechanism entirely by using multiple fixed X-ray emitters with electronic sequential activation. This substitution of mechanical systems with electronic control systems removes sources of mechanical instability and failure, thereby improving reliability while managing device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transforms the static arrangement of multiple emitters into a dynamic imaging system through electronic sequential activation. Each emitter can be independently controlled to activate in sequence, providing the functional dynamics of rotation without the mechanical complexity and instability associated with physical rotation mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces radiation exposure, enhances sensitivity and specificity, and shortens imaging time while maintaining high resolution, particularly in dense breast tissue, by eliminating mechanical rotation and allowing for precise control of X-ray emission.

Implementation Method 1

cathodes which are for field emission of electrons extracted and accelerated in an electric field, directed toward the respective anode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectField emission: Electron Beam

Implementation Method 2

the respective anodes being for directional emission of X-rays as X-ray beams

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray generation: X-Ray

Data Source

PatentEP3576629B1Computer tomograph
Publication Date: 2021.01.06 ESSPEN GMBH
  • EP3576629B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3576629B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3576629B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a computer tomograph (1) for mammographic x-ray imaging, comprising a WBFEX tube (20) and a flat-bed x-ray detector (30). A plurality of cathodes (40) are arranged in a fixed manner in rows in the MBFEX tube (20), the cathodes (40) being provided for the field emission of electrons, and the geometry as well as the radiation density and the wavelength range of an x-ray beam (b) can be adjusted, the MBFEX tube (20) can be moved parallel (z) to the flat-bed x-ray detector (30), the flat bed x-ray detector (30) comprising a moveable as well as also openable x-ray screen (31) and, using the x-ray screen (31), an imaging area (A) on the surface of the detector (D) of the flat-bed x-ray detector (30) can be selected and moved. Compared to conventional computer tomographs having rotating X-ray components, the claimed computer tomograph (1) has a particularly light and compact design, with which a particularly small focal spot size can be achieved.