One-piece flat spring progressive characteristic curve
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Solution Overview
Problem
Two-part flat springs used in vehicles exhibit abrupt transition in spring characteristic curve, leading to poor driving quality and increased weight, which affects energy consumption and maximum permissible load.
Innovation Solution
A one-piece flat spring design with edge regions having a second curve direction opposed to the middle region's curve direction, featuring a vertex axis and slanted end regions to achieve a progressive spring characteristic curve, reducing effective length under increasing load.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If a two-part flat spring is used to cover a broad range of load requirements, then the spring can support both lesser forces in unladen use and heavy loads when equipped, but the transition when the second part becomes operative is abrupt, creating a knee in the spring characteristic curve that negatively influences driving quality
Solution Approach 1:
The flat spring is divided into multiple curve sections (first curve section in the middle region, second curve sections in the edge regions) with different curve directions and characteristics. Each section becomes operative at different load levels, creating a progressive transition rather than an abrupt change. This segmentation allows the spring to adapt to different load requirements while maintaining smooth characteristic curve transitions.
Solution Approach 2:
The spring design incorporates dynamic geometric features including vertices and slanted end regions that change their functional contribution as load increases. The effective length of the spring dynamically reduces under increasing load as the slanted end regions tilt, allowing the spring to progress from a softer characteristic at low loads to a stiffer characteristic at high loads without abrupt transitions.
2Adaptability or versatility
If a two-part flat spring is used to achieve progressive spring characteristic, then the load requirements are covered, but the weight of the spring increases significantly compared to one-piece designs, affecting energy consumption and maximum permissible load
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges multiple functional curve sections into a single integrated flat spring structure. The middle region with its first curve direction and the edge regions with their second curve directions are combined into one piece, eliminating the need for separate parts while achieving the progressive spring characteristic. This merging reduces the total weight compared to multi-part designs while maintaining the desired load-adaptive behavior.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the flat spring have locally optimized geometric properties: the middle region has a first curve direction for initial load support, while the edge regions have second curve directions opposed to the first, with vertices and slanted end regions. These local quality variations enable progressive spring characteristic without requiring multiple separate components, thus reducing overall weight.
3Ease of operation
If multi-part flat springs are used to smooth the transition, then the driving quality improves, but the dead weight of the spring is amplified and a truly progressive spring characteristic curve is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The invention combines all curve sections and transition zones into a single continuous flat spring structure, eliminating the need for multiple separate parts. This unified design achieves a truly progressive spring characteristic curve through the coordinated deformation of the middle region and edge regions, while minimizing dead weight by removing unnecessary joints, fasteners, and interface components required in multi-part designs.
Solution Approach 2:
The flat spring incorporates multiple curved sections with different radii and directions - the middle region has a first curve direction while the edge regions have second curve directions opposed to the first. These curved geometries, combined with vertices and slanted end regions, create a naturally progressive deformation pattern that smooths the spring characteristic curve transition without requiring multiple separate parts, thus reducing dead weight while improving driving quality.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design enhances driving quality by providing a strongly nonlinear, progressive spring characteristic curve while conserving material and reducing vehicle weight, making the construction less expensive and reducing total vehicle weight.
Implementation Method 1
Due to the described geometry of the spring, the following advantages arise: A spring constructed according to the invention can have a strongly nonlinear, in particular progressive, spring characteristic curve
Data Source
AI summary
A spring, in particular a flat spring (5), for use in connection with a vehicle, has a middle region (6) which has a curve with a first curve direction, as well as two edge regions (7). In an unladen state, the edge regions (7) each have a curve with a second curve direction and vertices (10), with the second direction of curve being opposed to the first direction of curve. The flat spring (5) has a vertex axis (11) running through the vertices (10) of the curves of the edge regions (7). End regions (8) of the edge regions (7) are tilted away from the vertex axis (11) toward the side of the vertex axis (11) on which the middle region (6) lies.


