FLT N-State Cryptographic Circuits for Unpredictable Switching
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cryptographic methods are vulnerable to attacks due to their predictability, especially with the increasing power of computing devices, and they struggle to maintain security when faced with emerging threats like quantum computers, despite being based on well-studied but predictable switching functions.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of Finite Lab Transform (FLT) modifies n-state switching operations in cryptographic devices and circuits, altering operations such as addition and multiplication over finite fields, creating novel and unpredictable cryptographic processes that maintain essential properties while enhancing security.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If standard cryptographic procedures are used, then implementation is straightforward and widely supported, but security is vulnerable to attacks due to predictability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms standard binary cryptographic operations into n-state operations where n > 2. This fundamental parameter change modifies the state space from binary (0,1) to multi-state (0,1,2,...,n-1), making the cryptographic processes unpredictable to attackers while preserving the essential cryptographic functions. The n-state arithmetic operations replace traditional binary arithmetic, creating a new mathematical foundation for cryptographic security.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent inverts the conventional approach by not working with binary states directly, but rather with n-state representations where n > 2. This inversion of the fundamental state representation creates cryptographic operations that are fundamentally different from standard approaches, rendering attacks based on known binary cryptographic vulnerabilities ineffective.
2Reliability
If n-state operations with n > 2 are implemented, then security against attacks is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates universal n-state switching circuits that can perform multiple cryptographic functions using the same fundamental n-state arithmetic operations. The switching circuits are designed to handle n-state addition, multiplication, and other arithmetic operations in a unified manner, reducing the need for separate specialized circuits for each cryptographic function.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces traditional binary switching mechanisms with n-state switching mechanisms. This substitution fundamentally changes the mechanical/electrical basis of the cryptographic device from binary switching elements to multi-state switching elements, enabling more compact and efficient implementation of secure cryptographic operations.
3Device complexity
If binary switching operations are used, then device simplicity is maintained, but security becomes predictable and vulnerable
Solution Approach 1:
The patent fundamentally changes the state parameter from binary (2 states) to n-state (n > 2 states). This parameter change transforms the mathematical foundation of the cryptographic operations, creating unpredictable security properties while maintaining implementation feasibility through systematic n-state arithmetic definitions.
Data Source
AI summary
Digital n-state switching devices are characterized by n-state switching tables with n greater than 4. N-state switching tables are transformed by a Finite Lab-transform (FLT) into an FLTed n-state switching table. Memory devices, processors and combinational circuits with inputs and an output are characterized by an FLTed n-state switching table and perform switching operations between physical states in accordance with an FLTed n-state switching table. The devices characterized by FLTed n-state switching tables are applied in cryptographic devices. The cryptographic devices perform standard cryptographic operations or methods that are modified in accordance with an FLT. One or more standard cryptographic methods are specified in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publications. Security is improved by at least a factor n2.