Fluid Transit Time Estimation in Distribution Grids

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for tracking fluid transit times and fractions in fluid distribution networks, such as natural gas grids, face challenges in accurately validating gas transit times and fractions from feed-in points to exit points, especially with varying calorific values due to mixed gas compositions, leading to complex and costly invoicing processes.

Innovation Solution

A method utilizing sensor elements to collect data on fluid properties at upstream and downstream nodes, with a finite state machine for aligning measurements and minimizing alignment errors, to estimate transit times and fractions, allowing for direct validation and efficient calorific value allocation without requiring detailed network topology data.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If calorific value adjustment by adding LPG is performed to maintain grid calorific value within 2% tolerance, then invoicing compliance is improved, but system costs increase significantly (around €15,000 per year per 100 m³)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinvoicing complianceVSAvoidsystem costs
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical/chemical approach of physically adding LPG to adjust calorific values with an information-processing approach using sensor data, signal processing, and computational algorithms to track and allocate calorific values. This substitution eliminates the need for costly physical adjustments while maintaining invoicing compliance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a virtual copy of the physical gas flow through digital signal processing. By measuring physical properties (temperature, pressure, flow rate) and creating corresponding digital representations, the system can track calorific values without physically manipulating the gas. This allows for accurate invoicing allocation without the costs of physical adjustment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Measurement precision

If mobile process gas chromatograph (PGC) is used to collect measurement data for validation, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and operational complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegas composition measurementVSAvoidvalidation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces simple infrared sensors as intermediary devices that continuously measure gas properties without requiring complex mobile PGC equipment. These sensors act as mediators between the gas flow and the validation system, providing sufficient data for validation while dramatically reducing system complexity and operational burden.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the complex mechanical mobile PGC system with simpler sensor-based measurement and digital signal processing. Instead of physically transporting and analyzing gas samples with complex instrumentation, the system uses fixed sensors and computational algorithms to achieve validation, reducing both device complexity and operational complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Ease of operation

If time-invariant signal propagation model is used to determine transit times from signal trajectories, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to inability to handle varying flow conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransit time calculationVSAvoidtransit time accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from a static time-invariant model to a dynamic time-variant model for signal propagation. The system continuously adapts to changing flow conditions by updating propagation characteristics in real-time, allowing accurate transit time calculation under varying operational conditions while maintaining ease of operation through automated adaptation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms where measured signal characteristics are continuously fed back into the propagation model to refine transit time calculations. This feedback loop allows the system to automatically adjust to changing conditions, maintaining both operational simplicity and measurement precision by letting the data drive the model updates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP3617704A1Method and apparatus for estimating transit times and fractions of fluids and use of same for tracking fluids in fluid distribution grids
Publication Date: 2020.03.04 HOCHSCHULE FUR ANGEWANDTE WISSENSCHAFTEN MUNCHEN
  • EP3617704A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3617704A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3617704A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention is related to a method for the estimation of transit times τo,q(t), of fluids between a first number Q ≥ 1 of upstream network nodes q = 1,2, ..., Q interconnected with a second number 0 ≥ 1 of downstream network nodes o = 1,2, ..., O, and corresponding fractions αo,q(t) of the fluids, which E properties e = 1,2, ..., E are sampled utilizing suited sensors at each upstream network node of said first number Q of the upstream network nodes, composing the fluids which said E properties e = 1,2, ..., E are sampled utilizing suited sensors at each downstream node of said second number O of the downstream network nodes in at least one part of a fluid distribution network.