Fluorinated AFx Electrodes for Rechargeable High-Rate Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Fluorinated CFx electrodes in lithium-ion batteries suffer from poor discharge rate, heat generation during discharge, and lack of rechargeability.
Innovation Solution
Development of fluorinated electrodes with layers of AFx, where A is a single-element material like B, Al, Si, or P, or a multi-element material, with fluorine substitution and doping, to enhance electrochemical performance, including the use of a minor amount of halogen substitution and specific dopants, and formation through fluorination processes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If CFx is used as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries, then high energy density is achieved, but poor discharge rate and heat generation occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by introducing fluorinated boron nitride (FBN) and fluorinated silicon oxynitride (FSOxN) compounds with specific stoichiometric ratios (x and y parameters). These compositional modifications alter the electrochemical properties to improve discharge rate while maintaining energy density
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates composite cathode materials by combining fluorinated boron nitride and fluorinated silicon oxynitride in specific weight ratios (95:5 to 50:50). This composite approach synergistically combines the high energy density of CFx with the improved discharge rate characteristics of the fluorinated compounds
2Use of energy by moving object
If CFx is used as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries, then high energy density is achieved, but heat generation during discharge occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful heat generation effect into a beneficial thermal management feature by utilizing the endothermic nature of the fluorinated compounds during discharge. The fluorinated boron nitride and fluorinated silicon oxynitride absorb heat during electrochemical reactions, transforming the heat generation problem into a thermal regulation benefit
3Use of energy by moving object
If CFx is used as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries, then high energy density is achieved, but no rechargeability is obtained
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the electrochemical parameters of the cathode material by incorporating fluorinated compounds with specific bonding characteristics. The fluorinated boron nitride and fluorinated silicon oxynitride provide reversible lithium insertion/extraction pathways, enabling rechargeability while preserving high energy density
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Improves discharge rate, reduces heat generation, and enables rechargeability, achieving specific energy densities of 100 Wh/kg to 1000 Wh/kg with high discharging and charging currents.
Implementation Method 1
CFx electrodes, however, currently suffer from poor discharge rate, heat generated during discharge, and no rechargeability
Implementation Method 2
CFx(x=0.5−1.12) are solid fluorinated carbon polymers, synthesized by reacting graphite or other carbon sources with fluorine gas at elevated temperatures of 100-600° C.
Data Source
AI summary
In some aspects, the present disclosure is directed to fluorinated electrodes that comprises layers of AFx, where A is a single-element material selected from B, Al, Si, and P or a multi-element material comprising two different elements selected from B, C, N, Al, Si, and P, where F is fluorine, where x is the degree to which A is fluorinated on an atom basis, and where x is between 0.5 to 20. In other aspects, the present disclosure is directed to batteries that contain such fluorinated electrodes and to methods of making such fluorinated electrodes.