Acid surface treatment forms a hydrated hydroxychloride interphase on multivalent metal anodes to curb water-driven corrosion and improve cycling.
A surfactant-protected ionic tribolayer serves as both electrode and contact layer, combining stretchability, conductivity, and low charge leakage.
Micrometer-sized LixSiy particles replace reactive lithium powder to compensate first-cycle lithium loss with safer handling and lower process cost.
An HCl surface treatment forms a chloride-rich interphase on multivalent metal electrodes to curb corrosion, dendrites, and poor cycling in water-based cells.
Simultaneous solvent removal and a porous insulating resin layer prevent curling, peeling, and short circuits in solid-state electrode manufacturing.
Simultaneous drying of resin and active-material layers simplifies electrode fabrication, prevents curling, and lowers short-circuit risk.