Flywheel Containment Brackets for Debris Impact Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Flywheel energy storage devices face limitations in achieving high speeds due to material constraints, as radial growth disparities between components lead to inefficiencies and potential catastrophic failures, and existing containment systems struggle to manage debris effectively during such failures.

Innovation Solution

A containment layer with S-shaped deformable brackets made from carbon-fiber, glass-fiber, or metal-containing materials, incorporating ablative particles, which absorb and contain impacts by deforming to create a toroidal cavity, thereby managing debris and enhancing system stability and energy storage capabilities.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If the flywheel operates at higher speeds to increase energy storage capacity, then the energy density and power output are improved, but the radial growth disparity between the rim and shaft increases, leading to mechanical coupling failures and catastrophic rotor disintegration

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower outputVSAvoidmechanical coupling reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies beforehand cushioning by designing a containment system with energy-absorbing elements positioned to intercept and absorb debris before it can cause catastrophic damage. The containment structure includes sacrificial components designed to deform and absorb kinetic energy from the rim and shaft during high-speed operation or failure events, preventing the propagation of mechanical failures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs composite materials in the containment structure, combining materials with different mechanical properties to handle the radial growth disparity and high-speed stresses. The containment system uses composite construction to accommodate differential expansion between the rim and shaft while maintaining structural integrity at high operating speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If traditional rigid containment structures are used to prevent debris propagation, then safety is improved, but the system weight increases and energy absorption capacity during catastrophic failure is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesafetyVSAvoidcontainment system weight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs flexible shells and thin films in the containment structure, using deformable barriers that can flex and absorb impact rather than rigid walls. The containment system includes thin-walled structures designed to deform controllably during debris impact, absorbing energy while maintaining containment functionality and minimizing added weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces intermediary elements between the rotor components and the outer containment structure. These intermediary energy-absorbing elements serve as mediators that intercept debris, absorb kinetic energy, and reduce the burden on the main containment structure, allowing for lighter overall design while maintaining safety.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Loss of energy

If the containment structure is designed to be lightweight to improve system efficiency, then energy efficiency is improved, but the debris containment capacity and shock wave mitigation are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem efficiencyVSAvoiddebris containment capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the containment structure into multiple functional zones and lightweight modular components. The containment system is segmented into different regions with specialized functions (debris interception, energy absorption, containment) achieved through distributed lightweight elements rather than a single heavy structure, maintaining debris containment capacity while minimizing weight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes parameter changes by designing the containment structure with materials and geometries that change their physical properties in response to impact conditions. The lightweight containment system includes elements that undergo phase changes, density changes, or structural transformations under debris impact, enabling effective debris containment and shock wave mitigation despite the lightweight construction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution allows for increased speed and power storage in flywheel systems while ensuring operational safety by effectively containing debris and mitigating shock waves, thus improving durability and energy deployment capacity.

Implementation Method 1

the brackets plastically deform in a radially outward direction in response to an outward impact

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlastic deformation: Plasticity

Implementation Method 2

at least one layer comprises ablative particles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAblation: Ablation

Data Source

PatentEP2647874B1Lightweight composite safety containment for flywheel energy storage
Publication Date: 2021.01.06 THE BOEING CO
  • EP2647874B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1b
  • EP2647874B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2647874B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2b

AI summary

Apparatuses are disclosed and directed to a substantially cylindrical containment layer, and methods for containment, for a flywheel apparatus comprising a plurality of predictably deformable brackets (204) oriented to contain an impact. The brackets (204) each have a plurality of layers (220, 240, 260) and a surface for absorbing an impact, with the surface providing a glancing angle in the direction of an impact of from about 0.1° to about 5°.