Fronthaul Link Aggregation Using eAxC ID for Active-Active Balancing

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing link aggregation in fronthaul networks lacks entropy in packet headers, leading to active-passive mode operation and inefficient load balancing and resiliency due to identical header fields for different data flows, resulting in wasted network capacity and potential link failures.

Innovation Solution

Introduce an extended antenna-carrier ID (eAxC ID) to create entropy in packet headers using Ethernet QinQ format, allowing unique association of data flows with network identifiers for load balancing and active-active link aggregation, ensuring resilient and efficient traffic distribution.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional link aggregation is used in fronthaul networks, then network connectivity is provided, but load balancing is inefficient and resiliency is reduced due to lack of entropy in packet headers

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveresiliencyVSAvoidload balancing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a new dimension to packet header identification by incorporating eAxC ID alongside MAC address, VLAN ID, and IP address. This additional dimensional information provides the entropy needed for effective load balancing across aggregated links, transforming the single-dimension identification into multi-dimensional identification that enables both efficiency and reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the identification parameters used in link aggregation by deriving eAxC ID from antenna and carrier information. This parameter change introduces variability and entropy into the packet headers, enabling the hash-based load balancing algorithm to effectively distribute traffic across multiple active links while maintaining resiliency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If identical header fields are used for different data flows, then packet formatting is simplified, but network capacity is wasted and link failures cause service interruptions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepacket header complexityVSAvoidnetwork capacity waste
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the packet header identification into multiple distinct fields: MAC address, VLAN ID, IP address, and eAxC ID. Each field serves a specific purpose and contributes to the overall entropy. This segmentation allows efficient use of existing fields while adding only the necessary eAxC ID component, rather than complicating the entire header structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The eAxC ID serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides entropy for load balancing, identifies the antenna-carrier relationship, and enables flow differentiation. This multi-functionality achieves load balancing and capacity utilization without requiring additional header fields or increasing overall packet complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Device complexity

If active-passive mode is used for link aggregation, then implementation is simpler, but network resiliency is reduced and capacity is underutilized

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelink aggregation complexityVSAvoidnetwork capacity utilization
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables dynamic link selection and traffic distribution by using hash-based load balancing over multiple active links. The system dynamically determines which active link to use for each data flow based on the hash of the packet header fields, allowing all links to be actively utilized rather than having static active-passive assignments. This dynamic approach maintains simplicity while achieving active-active operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP4358486B1Link aggregation for fronthaul
Publication Date: 2025.07.02 NOKIA SOLUTIONS & NETWORKS OY
  • EP4358486B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4358486B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4358486B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining an identification of a data traffic for an antenna, associating the obtained identification to a first network identification, assigning the first network identification and a second network identification to the data traffic, performing load balancing for the data traffic using a hash algorithm, wherein the hash algorithms obtains input based on the first network identifier, and transmitting the data traffic using link aggregation.