This case uses UL PDCP queuing delay to decide whether SR, BSR, or PUSCH data transmits during or outside measurement gaps.
Separate CU-CP control and RRM entities to streamline network upgrades.
An access point verifies network policy for SCS flows identified by FQDN, URL, or application IDs, prioritizing latency-sensitive traffic.
This case postpones QoS flow remapping between DRBs until a PDU set finishes, reducing XR transmission delays and interruptions.
APs exchange neighbor traffic data before TXOPs to assign DRUs only when needed, reducing interference and improving spectrum use.
Cluster heads schedule energizing, advertisement, and backscatter resources to reduce collisions among dense ambient IoT devices.
Dynamic slice selection matches WTRU service needs, QoS, mobility, and subscriber data to suitable network resources.
This case uses hardware aggregation, reordering, and duplicate marking to ease processor load in resource-limited wireless devices.
Distributed slice containers preserve service availability when a network node fails.
Segment sub-QoS flows across DRBs while sharing PDCP entities to prioritize important PDU Sets and reduce network resource waste.
This case uses compressed CSI feedback and pre-established priority rules to manage overlapping reports and improve reliability.
Segmented beacon containers reduce irrelevant parsing for wireless devices.
A disruption routing module detects failed 5G service-chain components and redirects assigned sessions through an alternate chain.
Cell quality, queue delay, and UE assistance information trigger ECN marking and bitrate changes to reduce streaming interruptions.
A local proxy and server shift proprietary application traffic to a shared channel, reducing signaling and conserving mobile battery.
Dual-frequency carriers separate backscatter from self-interference without added circuits.
This case uses AP-selected MBBR modes for SCS flows to balance roaming adaptability, complexity, and packet disruption.
Per-user frame check sequences let wireless devices verify control frames early, reducing padding and channel-switching delay.
Xn signaling carries MT-SDT indications to help page RRC-inactive terminals without unnecessary connected-state transitions.
Selective out-of-order forwarding reduces relay delays from missing data units.
This case coordinates HPLMN and VPLMN UPFs through H-SMF and N4 sessions for efficient edge service traffic offloading during roaming.
Structured BA fields carry multi-station feedback while managing frame overhead.
Forecast Open RAN cell-site capacity from growth and busy-hour data to detect congestion early.
This case uses channel access and resource sensing to select an earlier available slot, reducing delays and bandwidth fragmentation in sidelink transmissions.
This case uses parsed TOS parameters and real-time link quality to select SD-WAN paths while simplifying application routing rules.
Inter-BSS DSO agreements let overlapping access points share sub-band schedules, reducing interference while improving wireless capacity.
Bitmask response slots help onboard AMP devices while limiting legacy-device interference.
This case groups dependent PDU sets and steers them across paths so intermediate nodes can apply differentiated QoS processing.
A terminal reports burst timing and jitter so base stations can tune SPS and CG resources for delay-sensitive and tolerant traffic.
A relay UE reports split QoS information to the base station, enabling resource allocation for reliable UE-to-UE data transfer.
VLAN and MAC-based routing supports multiple N6/SGi LAN services while preventing double charging and enabling load balancing.
When vehicle density is low, the device appoints extra relay vehicles to shorten content distribution and data collection time.
This case adapts UE feedback distance and retransmission requests to reduce sidelink collisions, latency, and packet failures.
A 5G policy control entity selects trained model variants for UE capacity and network conditions, reducing transfer time and resource load.
This case adds P2P flow identifiers and QoS characteristics so access points can enforce policy before granting SCS resources.
This case manages PDCP sequence numbers and RLC links to prevent duplicates and preserve TCP performance during blockage and LTE fallback.
When changing channels undermine V2X sidelinks, duplicate data on separate logical channels and carrier frequencies improves reliability.
This case adjusts voice packet amplitude in each call direction to align levels between broadband and narrowband terminals.
This case uses AMBR, TFTs, packet filters, and IP translation to control ProSe rates and maintain continuity across paths.
This case validates SIB segments with value tags and area scope data before assembly, improving NR V2X SIB management.
Location-specific broadcast resources offload cellular traffic during high-demand events, reducing network complexity and operational costs.
When a UE leaves its home PLMN, network-indicated back-off timers postpone PDU session requests and maintain congestion control.
This case uses service and subscriber information to select target network slices and connect WTRUs to tailored services.
A middleware layer negotiates TSN and 5G QoS policies as radio conditions and UE context change, preserving deterministic TSC KPIs.
This receiver links resource information to channel metrics, reducing scheduling overhead for grant-free access with multiple devices.
Identical fronthaul headers can waste capacity; eAxC ID enables hash-based distribution across active links and improves resiliency.
This case uses preemption indications and separate latency-based resource pools to improve reliability in NR V2X communications.
Multiple HLS interfaces can create CU-DU signal inconsistencies; node-level CU selection keeps higher-layer message exchange consistent.
This case uses NAS signaling to transmit small data without user-plane bearers, reducing congestion and unnecessary network resource use.
This case dynamically scales RAN software components by service type and base-station load to reduce congestion and resource waste.